PAYNE'S TREATMENT 



1030 



PECTINIC ACID 



Payne's Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. 



Paytin {pa' -it-in) [S.A., Payta], C 21 H 24 N 2 -f H 2 0. 

 An alkaloid of one of the cinchona barks. 



Peach {peck) [ME., peche, peach]. The rosaceous tree 

 or shrub, Atnygdahis persica, and its valuable fruit. 

 The kernels of the seed are a good substitute for bitter 

 almonds ; the decoction of the leaves is laxative and 

 anthelmintic, as well as sedative. Peach-brandy is dis- 

 tilled from the fruit. Unof. P. -black. See Pig- 

 ments, Conspectus of. P. -brandy, a liquor distilled 

 from peaches. P. -cold. See Hay-fever, and Rhi- 

 nitis, Hyperesthetic. P. -fever, a morbid condition of 

 the respiratory and cutaneous surfaces, with some con- 

 sequent systemic disturbances, clue to irritation from 

 the pubescence of the skin of the common peach, 

 the Amygdalus persica. It is tolerably frequent among 

 persons employed in the fruit-packing and canning 

 establishments of Maryland and Delaware. The 

 Schneiderian membrane becomes turgid ; then fol- 

 lows a copious discharge of serum and mucus ; the 

 frontal sinuses, the conjunctivae, and the larger bronchi 

 also become the seat of catarrh, and asthmatic attacks 

 may be induced. A macular or papular eruption comes 

 out on the wrists, forearms, neck, and forehead ; the 

 cutaneous affection may go on to true dermatitis, and 

 the lesions may become pustules. Anderson believes 

 the source of irritation to be some germ whose habitat 

 is the ' ' fuzz ' ' of the peach. 



Peacock-sound (pe' ' -kok-soivnd). A peculiar sound of 

 the voice supposed to be the result of too close adapta- 

 tion of the posterior half arches (palato-pharyngeal 

 folds) of the fauces, but according to Harrison Allen 

 due to a faulty method of breathing, neglected catarrh, 

 or a growth in the upper air-passages. 



Pean's Operation. See Operations, Table of. 



Peanut {pe'-nut) [ME., pease; ME., nutte, nut]. 

 An edible fruit of Arachis hypogaa. P. -oil. See 

 Ground-nut Oil. 



Pear [ME., pere, pear]. The tree Pyrus communis, 

 and its fruit. P.-oil, a dilute alcoholic solution of the 

 acetic ester of the amyl alcohol of fermentation ; it is 

 used in flavoring, cookery, and in candies. 



Pearl {perl) [ME., perle, a pearl], i. In pharmacy , a 

 small, glass globular body completely filled with liquid 

 medicine. 2. A cataract ; an opacity growing on the 

 eye. 3. A peculiar arrangement of the epithelial cells. 

 P. -barley. See Barley. P. Disease, a name for 

 tuberculosis of serous membranes in the lower animals, 

 especially cattle, given to it on account of the most mani- 

 fest lesion , the pearly nodules or tumors, which are often 

 pendulous. P., Epidermic, P., Epithelial, one of the 

 spheroid concentric masses of epithelial cells often seen 

 in hard papillomata, in squamous epitheliomata and 

 in cholesteatomata ; they are also called pearly bodies. 

 See Cell-nests. P. -eye, afflicted with cataract ; an 

 opacity of the crystalline lens of the eye. P. Tumor. 

 Synonym of Cholesteatoma. P. -white. Same as 

 Bismuth-white and White Lead. 



Pearly {perl'-e) [ME. , perle, a pearl]. Resembling a 

 pearl ; nacreous ; clear ; translucent. P. Bodies. 

 See Pearls, Epithelial. P. Sputa, a term given by 

 Laennec to the transparent, tough, tenacious masses 

 of mucus of the size of a pea, or smaller, expectorated 

 in the chronic bronchitis of old people, occurring dur- 

 ing cold weather. P. Tubercle. See Grittum. 



Pearson's Solution. See Arsenic. 



Peaslee's Formula. See Alimentation, Rectal. 



Peat {pit) [ME., pete, peat]. The product of the 

 spontaneous decomposition (decay) of plants, especi- 

 ally swamp-plants, in many cases mixed with sand, 

 loam, clay, lime, iron pyrites, ocher, etc. It is 

 largely employed for fuel in some portions of the 



world, and is extensively used in some countries in 

 mud-baths and for poultices. 



Pebrine {peb'-rin) [Fr.]. Sy n., gattina, Ital. ; gat- 

 tine, Ft. ; petechia, maladie des corpuscles, ma Indie da 

 petites, etisie, maladie corpusculeuse. An infectious 

 epidemic disease which has frequently devastated the 

 silkworm establishments {magnanneries) of Europe. 

 The silkworms become infested with Microsporidia 

 {corpuscules de Cornalia, corpuscules vibrants), which 

 have been variously regarded as bacteria, hematozoa, 

 unicellular algae, spores of higher fungi, or " organ- 

 ites." Cf. , Microbe of Pebrine, under Bacteria, Syn- 

 onymatic Table of, and Microsporidia. 



Pebrinous {peb f -rin-us) [Ft. , pebrine, pebrine]. Af- 

 fected with pebrine. 



Peccant {pek'-ant) \_peccare, to sin]. Pathogenic; 

 morbid ; unhealthy ; offensive. 



Pechyagra {pek-e-a f -grah) [irf/xvc;, forearm ; uypa, 

 seizure]. Gout in the elbow-joint. 



Pechytyrbe {pek-it-er'-be). Synonym of Scurvy. 



Pecklin, Glands of. See Gland. 



Pecquet, Cistern of. Thereceptaculumchyli. P., Duct 

 of. Sue Duct. P., Reservoir of. See P., Cistern of. 



Pectase {pek'-tdz) [tttjutoq, fixed]. A supposititious 

 ferment of plants which converts pectose into pectin. 



Pecten {pek'-ten) [pecten, a comb: pi., Pectines\ 

 The os pubis. In biology, a comb-like structure or 

 organ. 



Pectic {pek'-tik) [ttt/ktoc, fixed]. Concealing, curd- 

 ling. P. Acid, C 32 H 4g 32 , a gelatinous substance 

 obtained when pectin is treated with an alkali and 

 acid successively. 



Pectin, Pectine {pek'-tin) [irT/KTiKdr , congealing, 

 curdling]. One of a series of vegetable bodies found 

 combined with lime in fleshy fruits and roots ; and also 

 in bark, stems and leaves. According to Braconnot, it 

 is present in all plants. It forms the basis of vegetable 

 jelly. Cf. pectase, pectose, parapectin, metapectin, 

 pectosinic acid,pectinic acid, metapectinic acid, pecti nose, 

 arabinose. 



Pectinal {peh'-tin-al) [pecten, a.comb']. Comb-like. 



Pectinate \pek f -tin-at) [pecten, a comb]. In bio 

 comb-like ; arranged like the teeth of a comb. P. 

 Antenna, in biology, an antenna that resembles a 

 comb, due to a linear projection of each joint on the 

 inner side. P. Ligament, fibers of connective tissue 

 at the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, be- 

 tween the iris and the cornea. P. Muscles, the mus- 

 culi pectinati of the heart. P. Zone, the upper surface 

 of the basilar membrane external to Corti's organ. 



Pectination {pek-tin-a' '-shun) [pecten, a comb]. In 

 biology : {a) the state of being pectinate ; (b) a 

 ten or comb-like structure. 



Pectinato-fimbricate ( pek - fin - a'- to-fim'- b> ; 

 [pecten, a comb; fimbria, a fringe]. In biol 

 having the pectinations fringed. 



Pectineal {pek-tin-e'-al) [/ f r/cH, a comb]. Pectinal 

 or pectinate. P. Crest. Same as P. Line. P. Fascia, 

 the fascia covering the pectineus and adductor I 

 muscles. P. Line, a linear prominence on the os ir 

 nominatum. The same as the ileopectinoal line. 

 Lines, Table of. P. Ridge. Same as P. i 



Pectinella {pek-tin-el'-ah) [dim. of pecten, a comb 

 Pectinelhc\ In biology, a pectinated app 

 the protomala of myriapods. 



Pectineus {pek-tin-e'-us). See Muscles, Table of. 



Pectinic Acid {pek-tin'-ik) [T^/crcSc, fixed]. < 

 O w , or C. !2 H 2R O w . This equals 4C.J!". 

 to Fremy ; C 2R H 20 O 26 , according to Chodnew. i 

 colorless, transparent jelly, drying up to a horny n 

 insoluble in cold water, scarcely soluble in warm water, 

 insoluble in alcohol and ether. 



