PEPTONIZE 



1042 



PERCUSSO-PUNCTATOR 



Peptonize {pep' '-to-nlz) [ttettteiv, to digest]. To digest 

 with pepsin ; to predigest. Very often an extract of 

 pancreatic juice is used in order to peptonize food ; 

 milk especially is thus treated. 



Peptonoid (pep / -to-noid) [ttettteiv, to digest; eISoc, 

 like]. A substance resembling or claimed to resemble 

 peptones. 



Peptonuria (pep-to-nu' ' -re-ah)[irinTEiv, to digest ; ovpov, 

 urine]. The presence of peptone in the urine. The 

 proteid body found in the urine in peptonuria is really 

 not a peptone but an albumose, and a better term 

 would be albumosuria. Albumose is characterized by 

 yielding the biuret-reaction ; it is not precipitated by 

 heat, but is precipitated by ammonium sulphate. For 

 test, see Tests, Table of. Peptonuria, i. e. , albumosuria, 

 occurs in all conditions attended by the destruction of 

 tissue, especially in suppurative processes, purulent 

 pleurisy, purulent peritonitis, abscesses, cerebro-spinal 

 meningitis, pyelonephritis, bronchoblennorrhea, in 

 some cases of" pulmonary tuberculosis with cavity-for- 

 mation, and during the puerperal state. The blood in 

 leukemia may also contain albumose. Propeptonuria 

 is probably only an albumosuria of high degree. P., 

 Enterogenous, peptonuria due to disease of the intes- 

 tine. P., Hepatogenous, that accompanying cer- 

 tain liver-affections. P., Nephrogenous, peptonuria 

 of renal origin. P., Puerperal, the peptonuria of the 

 puerperal state. P., Pyogenic, that produced by 

 suppuration in the body. 



Peptotoxin (pep-to-toks f -hi) [7rei/«c, digestion ; to!-ik6v, 

 poison]. A poisonous ptomain found by Brieger in 

 some peptones, in digestion of fibrin, and in putrefying 

 albuminous substances, such as fibrin, casein, brain, 

 liver, and muscles. It is a well-known fact that animal 

 tissues, in the early stages of putrefaction, possess 

 strong toxic properties, even before decomposition has 

 advanced far enough to effect the splitting up of the 

 proteid and carbohydrate molecules. An early pep- 

 tonization of the proteids by ferments in the tissues, 

 which begin their action at once after death, has been 

 offered as an explanation of this toxicity. Peptotoxin 

 has not as yet, however, been definitely isolated. See 

 Ptomains, Table of. P., Cholera, a toxic substance, 

 generated by the cholera-bacillus, and chemically allied 

 to peptone. 



Pequet's Reservoir. Synonym of Receptaculum chyli. 



Per- [per, through]. A prefix signifying through. 

 Also, rnore than ordinary. 



Pera (pe'-rali) [iri/pa, scrotum]. The scrotum. 



Peracephalus (per-as-ef'-al-us") [nipa, more than; 

 a.KE(j>a'/.oc , without a head]. A fetal monstrosity charac- 

 terized not only by want of upper extremities, but also 

 by malformation or absence of the thorax. 



Peracute (per-ak-uf) [per, through; acutus, sharp]. 

 More than ordinarily sharp or severe. 



Peratodynia {per-at-o-din' '-e-ali) [nipar, end; oSvvtj, 

 pain]. Pain at the cardiac extremity of the stomach. 



Perce-membrane [Fr.]. An instrument for piercing 

 the fetal membranes and evacuating the liquor amnii. 



Perception (per-sep'-shun) [per, through ; capere, to 

 receive]. The act of receiving impressions or ob- 

 taining knowledge of external things through the 

 medium of the senses. P., Differential, the ability 

 to distinguish differences between slight changes in the 

 intensity of stimulation. 



Perceptivity (per-septiv'-it-e) [per, through ; capere, to 

 receive]. The faculty or capability of receiving im- 

 pressions. 



Perchloric Acid {per-klo' -rik) \per, through; %?Mp6c, 

 green], HC10 r A volatile irritant liquid, the highest 

 oxyacid of chlorin. In contact with organic substances 

 it decomposes with explosion. 



Percipient (per-sip' '-e-ent) [percipere, to perceive]. 

 Perceiving ; seeing. 



Perclusion ( per- klu f -shun) [per, through; claudere, 

 to shut up]. Inability to execute any movement. 



Percolate (per'-ko-lat) [percolare, to strain through]. 

 I. To submit to the process of percolation. 2. The 

 solution obtained by percolation. 



Percolation (per-ko-la'-shun) [percolare, to strain 

 through]. The process of extracting the soluble con- 

 stituents of a substance by allowing the solvent to 

 trickle through the powdered mass placed in a long 

 conic vessel, the percolator; a process similar to lix- 

 iviation. 



'P&xco\aXor(per / -ko-la-tor)[percolare, to strain through]. 

 A long conic vessel with a delivery-tube at the lower 

 extremity, employed for the purpose of extracting 

 the soluble constituents of a substance, packed 

 in a percolator, by means of a liquid poured over it. 



Percussion (per- kusk'-un) [percutere, to strike 

 through]. A method of physical examination applied 

 by striking upon any part of the body, with a 

 view of ascertaining the conditions of the underly- 

 ing organs by the character of the sounds elicited. In 

 percussing, attention is paid to the resonance, 

 the pitch and the duration of the sound, and 

 to the resistance of the parts. Percussion is some- 

 times performed by striking with the entire hand. 

 The method, in the case of the chest, serves t 

 tinguish marked degrees of dulness from resonance. 

 In massage, striking or beating the surface. P'or this 

 purpose the hand or a specially constructed instrument 

 maybe used (percussor or muscle-beater). If the palm 

 of the hand is used the operation is called clapping : if 

 the ulnar border is used it is called chopping ; if the 

 closed fist is used, or the dorsal surfaces of the two hist 

 phalanges of the fingers held rather loosely, the proced- 

 ure is termed whipping ox flagellation . P., Ausculta- 

 tory, percussion combined with auscultation. The 

 method by which fine shades of difference in the quality 

 of sounds may be detected. It is employed for outlining 

 organs, both those containing and those not contain- 

 ing air. It is best applied by placing a double stetho- 

 scope at a fixed point and percussing gently all around. 

 The stethoscope may be held with one hand while 

 with a finger of the other immediate percussion is 

 made ; or, an assistant can percuss. P., Deep, the 

 striking of a firm blow in order to elicit differences in the 

 percussion-note of deep-seated structures. P., Light, 

 used to elicit sound from the parts immediately 

 subjacent, or to outline one of the viscera. P., 

 Finger, percussion with the fingers of one hand as a 

 plexor, and those of the other as a pleximeter ; or, in 

 immediate percussion, the use of the fingers as a plexor. 

 P., Immediate, percussion in which the surfi 

 struck directly, without the interposition of a plexim- 

 eter. P., Instrumental, the use of a special hammer 

 as a plexor, either alone or with a plate as a plexim- 

 eter. P., Mediate, percussion in which a plexim- 

 eter is used. P. -note, the sound elicited on ] 

 sion. P., Scholl's Method of. See Scholl. P.- 

 wave, the term given to the chief ascending wave of 

 the sphygmographic tracing. Roy and Adami propose 

 to substitute for this name the term papilla > y wave, OB 

 the ground that the elevation is due to the contraction 

 of the papillary muscles. Sanson prefers the term 

 chief ascending wave. 



Percusso-punctator (per-kus'-o-pungk-ta'-tor) [per 

 cutere, to beat ; puncture, to mark]. An instrument 

 resembling a plexor or hammer, consisting principally 

 of a group of needles by means of which multiple 



fmnctures are made into the tissues in rheumatism, 

 umbago, and neuralgia. 



