PERISTOMIAL 



1052 



PERITONISM 



fringe of hair-like appendages about the orifice of a 

 moss capsule. 



Peristomial {per-is-to' '-nie-al) [Ttzpi, around; crdfia, 

 mouth]. In biology: (a) pertaining to a peristome ; 

 {6) situated around the mouth. 



Peristomium {per-is-to* -me-um) [nepl, around ; ardjud, 

 a mouth : //. , Peristomia~\. In biology, a peristome. 



Peristroma {per-is-tro' '-mah) \jTipi, around ; arpu/ua, 

 covering]. The internal layer of a tube-like organ. 

 The villous coat of the intestines. 



Perisynovial {per-is-i-no* -ve-al) [^repi, around; cvv, 

 with; u6v, egg]. Situated or occurring around a 

 synovial membrane. 



Perisystole {per-is-is f -to-le) [nepl, around ; ovotoatj, 

 contraction]. The slight interval between the systole 

 and diastole. 



Peritendineum {per-it-en-din 1 '-e-um) \irzpi, around ; 

 tendo, tendon]. The tissue surrounding the tendons 

 like a sheath. 



Peritenon {per-it-e f -re-on). Synonym of Trephine. 



Peritestis {per-it-es' '-tis) [nepi, around; testis, testicle]. 

 The tunica albuginea. 



Perithece {per f -ith-es). Same as Perithecium . 



Perithecial {per - ith - e f - se- at) \_irepi, around; Otjio], 

 cover]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a perithecium. 



Perithecium {per-ith-e' '-se-um) \jrepi, around ; Btjktj, 

 cover : pi., Perithecia~\. In biology, the envelop 

 covering the fructification of various species of fungus. 

 The flask-shaped organs seen in ergot are perithecia. 

 The receptacle for the asci in Ascomycetes and lichens. 



Perithelium {per - ith-e'-le -urn) \jrzpi, around; Qrfkri, 

 nipple]. The layer of cells surrounding the capillaries 

 and smaller vessels. 



Perithoracic {per-itk-o-ras'-ik) [nepi, around ; 6upa^,' 

 thorax]. Situated or occurring around the thorax. 



Perithral Cells {per-ith'-ral). Plasma-cells surround- 

 ing the walls of blood-vessels. 



Perithyroiditis {per- ith -i- roid '- i f - tis) \jrtpi, around ; 

 dvpeog, shield; elSog, like; ltiq, inflammation]. In- 

 flammation of the capsule of the thyroid gland. 



Peritomist {per-it r -o-mist) \mpt, around ; to/it/, a cut~ 

 ting]. A circumciser. One who practises peritomy. 



Peritomy {per-it f -o-me) \jztpi, around ; i~o/ut/, a cut- 

 ting]. I. The removal of a riband of conjunctival 

 and subconjunctival tissue from about the cornea, for 

 the relief of pannus. 2. Circumcision. 



Peritonaeum \per-it-on-e' '-urn). See Peritoneum. 



Peritoneal {per-it-on-e f -al) \jrtpir6vaLov , peritoneum]. 

 Pertaining to the peritoneum. P. Cavity, the space 

 within the peritoneal folds. P. Fever. Synonym 

 of Peritonitis. 



Peritonealgia {per-it-on-e-al' '-je-ah) [Trepirdvaiov, peri- 

 toneum ; aAyoc, pain]. Neuralgia of the peritoneum. 



Peritoneoclysis, Peritoneoklysis {per-it-o-ne-ok'- 

 l>'s-is) \jc€pLT6vaiov, peritoneum; kavgic, injection]. 

 The injection of liquids into the peritoneal cavity. 



Peritoneorrhexis {per-it-on-e-or-eks' '-is) [irepi.Tovaiov, 

 peritoneum; pf/tjig, rupture]. Rupture of the peri- 

 toneum. 



Peritoneotomy {per-it-on-e-ot 1 '-o-me) \jrepiTovcuov, peri- 

 toneum ; rofjiij, a cutting]. Incision into the peri- 

 toneum. 



Peritoneum {pcr-il-on-e' -urn) \j^zpi, around ; reivetv, 

 to stretch]. The serous membrane lining the interior 

 of the abdominal cavity and surrounding the contained 

 viscera. The peritoneum forms a closed sac, but is ren- 

 dered complex in its arrangement by numerous foldings 

 produced by its reflection upon the viscera. In tracing 

 its extension we may begin at the diaphragm and take 

 two layers. From the diaphragm two layers of peri- 

 toneum proceed to the liver, forming its lateral liga- 

 ments ; they separate to enclose the liver, meet again 



on its under aspect, and pass on, as the gastro- hepatic 

 omentum, to the lesser curvature of the stomach. Separ- 

 ating here, they embrace the stomach, and, meeting 

 again at its greater curvature, pass down, like an apron, 

 in front of the small intestine, forming the great 

 omentum. At the lower edge of the latter they are 

 reflected upward as far as the transverse colon, which 

 they enclose, meeting again at the back of the colon, 

 and proceeding to the spine as the transverse mesocolon. 

 Here the two layers diverge ; the upper ascends in 

 front of the pancreas to the under surface of the 

 diaphragm, the starting-point. The lower layer is 

 reflected from the spine, over the small intestines, and 

 back again to the spine, to form the mesentery. From 

 the root of the mesentery it passes into the pelvis, in- 

 vests the upper part of the rectum, and is thence 

 reflected on the bladder, forming between the two the 

 recto-vesical pouch. In the female it is reflected from 

 the rectum to the upper part of the vagina, and thence 



Bladder 



Peritoneum, Vertical Section. (Allen Thomson.) 



over the uterus, from which it proceeds to the bladder. 

 Two pouches are thus formed, the recto-uterine, or 

 Douglas's pouch, and the vesico-uterine ; between 

 the sides of the uterus and the sides of the pelvic 

 cavity it forms two additional folds, the broad liga- 

 ments. From the bladder it passes up the anl 

 wall of the abdomen to the diaphragm. From the 

 cardiac end of the stomach two layers proceed to m 

 spleen, enclosing it, and forming the gastro 

 omentum. A few minor folds need yet to be men- 

 tioned — the hepato-renal, passing from the right lobe 

 of the liver to the kidney ; the gastro-phrenic, from 

 the diaphragm to the cardiac extremity of the stomach ; 

 the costo-colic, from the diaphragm to the splenic I 

 of the colon. The following structures are com] 

 invested by peritoneum: — The stomach, liver, spleen, 

 first portion of the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, 

 transverse colon, sigmoid flexure, the upper part W 

 the rectum, and of the uterus, and the ovaries. 

 Peritonism {per'-it-on-izm)\irepir6vmov, peritoneum], A 

 form of pseudo-peritonitis, in which apparently pento- 



