PERKINISTIC 



1054 



PERONEO-CALCANEUS 



American physician]. A believer in, or practiser 

 of, Perkinism. 



Perkinistic (per-kin-is'-tik) [after Elisha Perkins, an 

 American physician]. Pertaining to Perkinism. 



Perla (per'-lah) [L. : //., Per Ice]. Pearl. Perlse tex- 

 tiles, small pearls sometimes used in pharmacy. 



Perleche (la) (lah par-lash) [Fr.]. A peculiar con- 

 tagious disease of the mouth occurring in children, 

 and first described by Lemaistre in 1886. It consists 

 in a thickening and peeling off of the epithelium at 

 the angles of the mouth, with occasionally the forma- 

 tion of small fissures, giving rise to a smarting sensa- 

 tion in the lips. The disease is probably microbic in 

 origin, numerous spherobacteria being found in the 

 thickened epithelium. The microorganisms are prob- 

 ably derived from drinking-water. 



Perles' Anemia-bodies. Small club-shaped, actively 

 motile bodies, 3-4 p. in length, found by Perles in the 

 blood in three cases of pernicious anemia. 



Perles, Laennec's, the rounded gelatinous masses of 

 sputum seen in the early stage of an attack of bronchial 

 asthma. 



Perlia, Central Nucleus of. The nuclear center for 

 ocular movement. 



Permanent (per' '-man-ent) [permanens, remaining]. 

 Lasting indefinitely ; fixed ; enduring. In biology, 

 always present in a species or group. P. Blue. Same 

 as French Blue. P. Teeth, the teeth of the second 

 dentition. See Teeth. P. White. See Pigments, 

 Conspectus of. 



Permanganate ( per-man' -gan-dt) [per, through ; man- 

 ganese], A salt of permanganic acid. See Man- 



Permanganic (per-man-gan'-ik) [per, through ; man- 

 ganese]. Obtained from manganese. P. Acid, 

 HMn(J 4 ; a monobasic acid occurring chiefly as a salt. 



Permeable (per' -me-a-bl) [per, through ; meare, to 

 pass]. Capable of affording passage. P. Stricture, 

 a stricture that permits the passage of an instrument. 



Permutation (per-mu-ta' '-shun) [per, through ; mutare, 

 to change]. The reciprocal substitution between two 

 compounds of one element or radicle for another. 



Pernicious (per-nish'-us) [perniciosus, destructive]. 

 That which is highly destructive or mischievous. P. 

 Anemia, a disease of the blood characterized by a 

 great diminution in the number of red corpuscles, and 

 a relatively smaller diminution of the hemoglobin, by 

 the presence in the blood of poikilocytes, macrocytes, 

 microcytes, and nucleated red corpuscles. The diminu- 

 tion in red corpuscles exceeds that met with in any 

 other disease — the number may fall below 400,000. 

 A case is reported in which the red corpuscles num- 

 bered only 143,000 in the cu. mm. As regards the eti- 

 ology of the disease, two varieties must at present be 

 admitted — a symptomatic and an idiopathic. A sympto- 

 matic pernicious anemia, one in which the blood pre- 

 sents characters indistinguishable from those of the 

 idiopathic form, may be produced by parasites in the 

 intestinal canal, such as the Dochmius duodenalis, 

 Trichocephalus hominis, or the Bothriocephalic latus 

 (Cf. Parasites (Animal), Table 0/"), by atrophy of the 

 gastric mucous membrane, and by hemorrhage. The 

 nature of primary pernicious anemia is still obscure. 

 Many believe that the disease is dependent upon in- 

 creased hemolysis, i. e. , blood-destruction. In favor of 

 this view, is the presence in the liver and spleen of cases 

 that have died from the disease, of large quantities of 

 iron, clearly derived from the blood. The hemolytic 

 agent, according to Hunter, is a poison, in all proba- 

 bility of specific origin, absorbed from the intestinal 

 canal. Others ascribe the impoverished state of the 

 blood to imperfect hemogenesis, adducing poikilocytosis 



and the presence of nucleated corpuscles, in proof. 

 While defective hemogenesis may play a role, it is 

 probable that increased hemolysis is the more important 

 factor. The pathologic lesions found, are a yellow 

 color of the skin, fatty degeneration of the liver and 

 heart, deposits of iron in the spleen and liver, pecul ar 

 changes in the spinal cord, hemorrhages into the 

 retina ; more rarely hemorrhages into the stomach, 

 serous membranes, and lungs, and occasionally an em- 

 bryonal state of the bone-marrow. The symptoms of 

 the disease are those of a profound anemia, with the 

 blood-changes noted in the definition ; there is not 

 much wasting ; the skin is of a lemon-yellow color ; 

 febrile movements may occur; also retinal hemorrhages 

 as well as hemorrhages elsewhere ; the urine is fre- 

 quently of a dark color due to an excess of urobilin. 

 The disease, most common in middle life, is usually 

 fatal, although recoveries are reported in several in- 

 stances, under the influence of large doses of arsenic. 

 Intestinal antiseptics are suggested on the ground that 

 the disease is the result of autoinfection from the ali- 

 mentary tract. P. Malaria. See Malaria. 



Pernio (per'-ne-o). Synonym of Chilblain. 



Pernoctation (per-nok-ta' -shun) [pernoctatio, wake- 

 fulness]. Wakefulness ; insomnia. 



Pero (pe'-ro) [pero, boot]. The soft ectal layer of the 

 olfactory bulb whence the olfactory nerves arise. 



Perobrachia (pe-ro-bra' -ke-ah). See Perobrachius. 



Perobrachius (pe-ro - bra'- he - us) [~>/p6c, maimed; 

 (ipaxiuv, arm]. A developmental defect in which the 

 forearms and hands are malformed or wanting. 



Perocephalus (pe - ro - sef- al- us) [nijpdc, maimed ; 

 netyaTJj, head]. A monster with an abnormality of the 

 conformation of the head. 



Perocheirus, Perochirus (pe - ro - ki'- rus) [n?;p6c, 

 maimed ; X ei P> hand] . A defect in the development 

 consisting in absence or stunted growth of the hand. 



Perocormus (pe-ro-kor' '-mus) [m/poc, maimed ; nopuoq, 

 trunk]. A monster characterized by defective devel- 

 opment of the trunk. 



Perodactylia (pe-ro-dak-til'-e-ah) [ivripdc, maimed; 

 duKrv/nc, finger]. Defective development of the 

 fingers or toes. 



Perodactyly (pe-ro-dak'-til-e). Same as Perodactylia. 



Perodynia ( pe - ro - din'- e - ah) [^r'/pa, pouch ; 

 pain]. Cardialgia. 



Perogaster (pe-ro -gas' -ter) [irrjpa, a pouch or wallet ; 

 yaari/p, stomach]. In biology, the coronal intestine or 

 circumferential sinus of gastric pouches in the Peromt- 

 dusa:. 



Peromelia (pe-ro-me'-le-ah) [irrjpdc, maimed ; /uak, 

 limb]. Teratic malformation of the limbs. 



Peromelus (pe-rom' -el-us) [m/p6c, maimed ; 



limb]. A monster with deficient, stunted, or misshapen 

 limbs. 



Peronaeus (per-o-ne'-us). Same as Peroneus. 



Peronarthrosis (per -on-ar- thro'- sis) [irtpovrj, pin ; 

 apdpov, joint]. A joint in which the articular sur- 

 faces are both concave and convex, as in the > 

 metacarpal joint of the thumb. 



Peronate (per'-o-nat) [peronatus, rough-booted], 

 biology, having the stipe thickly covered with a mealy 

 or woolly substance. 



Perone (per'-o-ne) [irep6vri, pin]. The fibula. 



Peroneal (per-o-ne'-al) [nep6vr], pin]. Pertaining, c 

 relating, to the fibula. P. Artery. S< 

 Table of. P. Nerve. See Mrres, Table of. P. Re- 

 flex. See A'c/lexes, Table of. 



Peroneo- (per-o-ne'-o-) [nep6i^, perontrus, fibula]. 

 prefix denoting connection with or relation to 1 

 fibula. 



Peroneo-calcaneus (per-o-ne'-o-kal-ka'-ne -us) [ 1 



