PERONEO-PHALANGEUS 



1055 



PERSPICILIUM 



pin; calx, heel]. Pertaining to the fibula and the os 



calcis. P. externus anterior. See Muscles, Table of. 



P. interims. See Muscles, Table of. 

 Peroneo-phalangeus (per-o-ne f -o-fa-lan-je / -us) [~ep- 

 pin; on/a-,;, phalanx]. The muscle in lower 



animals corresponding to the tibialis anticus in man. 

 Peroneo-praephalangeus {per-o-ne* " -o-pre-fa-lan-je 1 '-us) 

 in; prie, before; 6d/.ay~, phalanx]. The 



muscles in lower animals corresponding to the pero- 



neus brevis in man. 

 Peroneo-tibialis (per-o-ne / -o-tib-e-a / -lis). See Muscles, 



'-' °f- 



Peroneum ( per-o-ne* -urn) . Synonym of Perone. 



Peroneus ( per-o-ne' '-us) [-epovrj, pin]. Pertaining to 

 the fibula. P. Muscle. See Muscles. Table of. 



Peronia pe-ro' -ne-ah) [-r/povv, to maim]. Mutilation ; 

 malformation. 



Peronium [per-o'-ne-um) [nepovri, a brooch, a pin : //., 



nia~\. In biology, one of the processes of the 



urticating-ring of the umbrella-margin in Narcome- 



called the " umbrella-clasp" which divides it into 



a number of collar lobes. 



Peronodactylius (per-o-no-dak-til' -e-us) [-epovrj, pin ; 

 finger]. Synonym of flexor longus digi- 

 torum muscle. See Muscles, Table of. 



Peronospora (per-o-nos'-po-rah) [irepovr/, point; a~6- 

 poc, spore]. A genus of fungi, of which there are 

 seventy species recognized under the general 

 name of downy mildews (a. v: under Mildezo), among 

 which P. viticola, parasitic on the grape, is the most 

 destructive. The cholera-microbe of Ferran has been 

 referred to P. ferrani orP.barcinonae, and the yellow- 

 fever microorganism of Carmona y Valle to P. lutea. 



Peroplasia (pe-ro-pla'-ze-ah) [-r/poc, maimed; rr'/aa- 

 aeiv, to mold]. A malformation due to an error of 

 development. 



Peropus pe'-ro-ptts) [-r/pog, maimed; ~oic, foot]. A 

 developmental defect in which the feet are malformed. 



Perosis pe-r 'sis) [~i/poc maimed]. The condition 

 of abnormal or defective formation. 



Perosomus (pe-ro-so'-mus) [irrjpoc, maimed; ouua, 

 body]. A monster presenting malformation of the 

 entire body. 



Perosplanchnica (pe-ro- splank' -nik-ah) [-ijpoc, 

 maimed ; o-7.ayxvov, viscus] . Malformation of the 

 rra. 



Peroxid per-oks'-id)[per, through ; of re, sharp]. That 

 oxid of any base which contains the most oxygen. 

 P. of Hydrogen. See Hydrogen. 



Perpendicular (per-pen-dik' -u-lar) [perpendicularis, 

 vertical]. A term applied to a line or plane, forming 

 a right angle with another line or plane. P. Plate, 

 the raesal vertical plate of the ethmoid bone. 



Perplication ( per-plik-a' -shun) [ per, through ; plicare, 

 to fold]. Folding or turning an incised vessel upon 

 or within itself by drawing its end through an incision 

 in its own wall. 



Perradial ( per-ra' '-deal) [per, through ; radius, a 

 ray]. In biology, primarily or fundamentally radial. 



Perradius (per-ra' -de-us) [per, through; radius, ray: 

 //., Perradii\ In biology, one of the primary radial 

 structures of a hydrozoan. 



Perrigation (per-rig-a'-shun) [per, through; irrigare, 

 to irrigate]. The name given to the method of open 

 drainage in empyema. There is a continuous evacu- 

 ation of the pus by means of single or double open- 

 ings in the chest at different or opposite points, 

 elected with the view of securing the advantage of 

 gravity. The tubes, when situated at opposite points, 

 dlow of injections of antiseptic fluids to irrigate the 

 whole pleural space. 



[Fr , poire, pear]. Pear-cider. 



Persecution (per-se-ku' -shun) [persecutio, a pursuit]. 

 Persistent or repeated injury of any kind. P., De- 

 lusions of, the imaginary belief of an individual 

 that he is being persecuted. P. -mania, monomania 

 characterized by doubt, suspicion, and a belief on the 

 part of the patient that he is subject to, or the 

 victim of, some conspiracy. 



Persecutory Insanity. See Persecution-mania. 



Perseite (per'-se-it), C-H 16 7 . An heptahydric alcohol 

 found in the leaves and seeds of Laurus persea. It 

 crystallizes in needles, melting at 184. C. 



Persian (per'-zhan) [ILepoic, Persia]. Pertaining to 

 Persia. P. Pellitory. See Pyrethrum roseum. P. 

 Red. Same as Ocher. 



Persicot ( per* -sik-ot) [Fr. ; persicum, peach]. A cor 

 dial, or liqueur, of alcohol flavored with peach-stones 

 and various aromatics. 



Persimmon (per-sim'-on) [Amer. Ind.]. The tree 

 Diospyros virginiana ; also its fruit, edible when fully 

 ripe, but otherwise highly astringent ; it is useful in 

 diarrheas. From the fruit a beer is made, and whisky 

 is distilled. Unof. 



Persio (per* -sed). See Cudbear. 



Persistent ( per-zis' -tent) [persistero, to persist]. Con- 

 stant ; not undergoing any diminution or cessation. 



Person ( per' -son or per'-sn) [persona, a mask for actors, 

 hence a personage]. In biology, an independent and 

 indivisible organic unit, a complete individual from a 

 morphologic and physiologic standpoint. Among 

 simpler animals we have to do with structures which 

 from their development must be termed individuals, 

 but which are fused into a common stock, forming what 

 is known as a colony, to which they are related physio- 

 logically, as organs are to an organism. The indi- 

 viduals of such stocks are, however, generally not 

 similar, but as a consequence of more or less division 

 of labor, dimorphism or polymorphism takes place ; 

 we may thus distinguish : (1 ) sterile nutritive persons, 

 ox protective persons, which perform the functions of tak- 

 ing in food, of digestion, of protection, touch, locomo- 

 tion, etc. ,e.g., the so-called " protective,'' or " bract," 

 the "gastric peduncle,'' the "tentacle" or capturing 

 filament, the "taster," "feeler," or " palpon," the 

 " swimming bell " or" nectophore" of a siphonophore ; 

 (2) Sexual persons or gonophores, to which belong ex- 

 clusively the function of forming the sexual products. 

 They are male or female. These heteromorphic in- 

 dividuals are frequently arranged in groups called cor- 

 midia, and then again into siphonanth, q. v. On the 

 other hand the same groups of organs or similar parts of 

 the same organ may be repeated in a radial or longitud- 

 inal direction ; the body thus obtains a segmentation 

 and is divisible into sections (see antimere, metamere, 

 paramere, proglottis, strobila), or segments which may 

 in structure and function appear completely equivalent 

 and represent persons or individuals of a lower order, 

 which on a severance of their mutual connection can 

 acquire independence and remain alive for a longer 

 or shorter period. 



Personal (per* -son-al) [persona, a person]. Pertain- 

 ing to a person. P. Equation, the peculiar differ- 

 ence of each individual in his reaction to various orders 

 of stimuli. P. Identity. See Identity. 



Personate ( per'-scn-at) [personatus, assumed, counter- 

 feited, masked]. In biology, masked ; applied to labi- 

 ate flowers in which the throat is closed by a projection 

 of the lower lip called the palate ; or to animals having 

 the face colored so as to suggest a mask. 



Perspicil (per / -spis-il). Same as Perspicilium. 



Perspicilium (per-spis-il'-e-um) [perspicere, to see 

 through]. An eyeglass, a microscope. In the plural 

 spectacles. 



