PHENOL ATE 



1066 



PHENYL 



acquires a reddish color, and deliquesces on exposure 

 to the air. It melts at 42 C. and boils at 183 C. ; 

 its sp. gr. at o° is 1.084. It possesses a characteristic 

 odor, burning taste, and poisonous and antiseptic 

 properties. It is slowly soluble in water, readily so 

 in alcohol and ether. In a general sense the word is 

 applied to the homologous series of which phenol or 

 carbolic acid is the first member. The phenols are 

 compounds formed from benzene and its homologues 

 by the substitution of hydroxyl for hydrogen in the 

 benzene nucleus. They correspond to tertiary alcohols, 

 as they contain the group COH, and all have weak 

 acid properties. They may be monatomic , such as 

 ordinary phenol, cresol, etc. ; diatomic, as pyrocatechin, 

 resorcin, hydroquinone ; or triatomic, as pyrogallol, 

 phorglucol. P. -blue, C u H u N 2 0, a paste-like sub- 

 stance of blue color. See Pigments, Conspectus of. 

 P. -camphor, camphor combined with carbolic acid. 

 P. Colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of . P. Sodique, 

 an antiseptic substance said to be composed of car- 

 bolic acid, gr. 188 ; caustic soda, gr. 31 ; distilled 

 water, ^iv. 



Phenolate (fe / -no-lat) [phenol [<j>olvi^, purple-red)]. 

 A salt of carbolic acid. 



Phenologic (fe-no-lof-ih) [(jxiivsiv, to bring to light ; 

 /o>oc. science]. Pertaining to phenology. 



Phenologist (fe-noT-o-jist) [tyaiveiv, to bring to light ; 

 7.6yoc, science] . One versed in phenology. 



Phenology {fe-nol'-o-je) [(paiveiv, to bring to light ; 

 Zoyoc, science]. In biology, the science of the be- 

 havior of plants and animals to the periodic changes in 

 meteorologic conditions. 



Phenolphthalein (fe-nol-tha'-le-in) [folvi^, purple- 

 red]. A substance derived from phenol and phthalic 

 acid and used as a delicate test for acids and alka- 

 lies. One gram is dissolved in one liter of 50 per 

 cent, alcohol. It is very delicate. 



Phenolsulphonic Acid (fe-nol-sul-fon' '-i/e) [phenol 

 [solvit, purple-red) ; sulphur]. The " phenol-forming 

 substance" found sometimes in urine from which 

 phenol is obtained. 



Phenolsulphuric Acid (fe-nol-sul-fu'-rik) [ phenol 

 {<pdlvt^, purple-red) ; sulphur]. An acid that exists in 

 the urine in very small amount. 



Phenomena (fe-nom' -en-ah ) [(pacvdfievov, that which is 

 seen]. Plural of Phenomenon, q. v. Phenomena 

 of Transfer. Peculiar phenomena observed in 

 hysterical patients. It has been found, in some cases, 

 that the laying of a metal plate upon an anesthetic 

 portion of the skin restores to this its sensibility, 

 while simultaneously a corresponding area on the 

 opposite side of the body, previously normal, be- 

 comes anesthetic. Frequently the sensibility oscillates 

 from one side to the other. If the metal is placed first 

 on an area possessing normal sensibility, this becomes 

 anesthetic, while a corresponding zone on the anes- 

 thetic side regains its sensibility. Other hysterical 

 symptoms may present these same transfer-phenomena. 

 Nor is their production confined to metallic plates ; 

 other so-called esthesiogenic substances produce the 

 same effect — thus, large magnets, weak galvanic cur- 

 rents, static electricity, vibrating tuning-forks, mustard- 

 plasters, and others. As to the nature of the curious 

 phenomena, it is generally believed that they are due 

 to suggestion. 



Phenomenal ( fe-nom' -en-al) [<j>aiv6fievov, that which is 

 seen]. Pertaining to phenomena. Also extraordinary, 

 startling, or exceptional to the ordinary course of 

 events in nature. 



Phenomenogenia {fe-nom-en-o-je' -ne-ah) [cf>a!veiv, to 

 show; ylyveafla/., to be born]. The origin of phenom- 

 ena. 



Phenomenon (fe-nom' -en-on) [6aiv6;isvov, that which is 

 seen; from yatveiv, to shine : pi. Phenomena]. An event 

 or manifestation, generally of an unusual character. P., 

 Cheyne-Stokes'. Synonym of Cheyne-Stohes' A 

 ation. P., Knee. Synonym of Patellar Tendon-reflex. 

 P., Porret's, a wave-like motion seen in a muscle 

 through which a galvanic current passes in a longitudi- 

 nal direction. P., Westphal's. Synonym of Patellar 

 Tendon-reflex. 



Phenomenoscopia (fe-nom-en-o-sfio'-pe-ah) [oaiveiv, 

 to show ; OKoizeiv, to examine]. The investigation of 

 phenomena, especially of disease. 



Phenone (fe'-nori) [phenol ((polvt^, purple-red)]. A 

 ketone formed by the union of phenyl and a hydrocar- 

 bon of the marsh-gas series. 



Phenophobia (fe-no-fo'-be-aJi). Synonym of Photo- 

 phobia. 



Phenoquinone {Je-tio-kwrn' ' -on)\_ phenol (oolriS , purple- 

 red) ; quinone], C 18 H u 4 . An oxidation-product of 

 phenol. 



Pheno-resorcin (fe - no - res - or*- sin) [phenol (<f>oivd-, 

 purple-red) ; resorcin]. A mixture containing carbolic 

 acid 67, resorcin 33 per cent. Unof. 



Phenosafranin (fe-no-saf '-ran-in) [phenol (< 

 purple-red); Fr. , safran, saffron], C ]g H, 5 N 4 Cl. The 

 lowest member of the safranins, formed from phenyl - 

 ene,diamin, and anilin. It consists of needles, green 

 in color and having a metallic luster. It dissolves in 

 water and alcohol with a beautiful red color. See 

 Pigments, Conspectus of. 



Phenose (fe'-noz) [phenol ((polvig, purple-red)], C fi H 6 - 

 (OH) 6 . A substance obtained by the action of a 

 solution upon hexahydrobenzene. It is an amorphous, 

 readily soluble substance, deliquescing in the air. It 

 has a sweet taste, and reduces Fehling's solution, but 

 is not capable of fermentation. 



Phenozygous (fe-noz' -ig-us) [oaiveiv, to show ; ', 

 yoke]. In craniometry," having the zygomatic arches 

 visible directly from above ; having the bizygomatic di- 

 ameter greater than the maximum transverse frontal 

 diameter, and the angle of Quatrefages positive." 



Phenyl (fe / -nil) [ooiv/i;, purple-red ; v/.tj, matter] ,C 6 1 1 -,. 

 A univalent organic radical. P. -acetic Acid. 

 Acid. P. -amid, a compound formed by the substitu- 

 tion of one or more amido-groups for the hydrogen of 

 benzene; anilin is a phenylamid. P.-amin. Syn- 

 onym of Anilin. P.-auramin. See Pigments, Con- 

 spectus of. P. Bisulphate. See Acid, Sulphocarbolic, 

 P. -brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of. P. -car- 

 bamate of Ethyl. See Phcnylurethanc. P.-endiamin 

 C 6 H 4 (NH 2 ) 2 . Preferably diamidobenzene ; a chemic 

 substance of which there are three isomeric forms, 

 distinguished by the prefixes ortho-, inefa-, para-. P.- 

 ethylene. See Styrol. P.-glucosazone, C.J I ,,._,N,< \ ; 

 a compound of dextrose with phenyl-hydrazin. It crys- 

 tallizes in yellow needles, is almost insoluble in water, 

 very slightly soluble in hot alcohol, molts at about 205 

 C. , and is levo-rotatory when dissolved in glacial 

 acid. P. -glycerol. See Stycerin. P.-glycuronic 

 Acid, a levo-rotatory, crystalline body occurring in 

 the urine after the administration of carbolic 

 Dilute acid decomposes it into carbolic and gly< 

 acids. P.-hydrazin, C 6 H S N 2 , a substance obtained 

 from benzene diazochlorid by reduction with sodium 

 sulphite or stannous chlorid. It is a colorless, peculiar- 

 smelling oil, solidifying, when cooled, to plati 

 crystals, melting at 23 C. ; sp. gr. I.oqi at .: 1 

 It boils at 241-242 C. It dissolves with great diffi- 

 culty in cold water, but readily in alcohol and ether. 

 P.-h. Test (for sugar). Into a test tube put ' > in. dry 

 phenyl-hydrazin hydrochlorate ; add pulverized sodium 

 acetate an equal volume ; and fill one-half of the tube 



