I 



PHOXOSPASM 



1071 



PHOSPHORESCENCE 





The perception of photisms or subjective color-sensa- 

 tions, due to the actual sensation of hearing. 



Phonospasm [fo / -no-spazm). Synonym of Phonic 

 ism. 



Phoradendron (fo-rad-en / -dron) [wp, thief; devdpov, 

 tree]. A genus of apetalous plants including the 

 mistletoe. P. flavescens, American Mistletoe, para- 

 sitic on the elm and hickory. It is poisonous, pro- 

 ducing gastro-enteritis ; it is also said to possess 

 oxytocic and hemostatic properties. 



Phoranthium {fo-ran' -the-nm) {oopoc, bearing; avOog, 

 flower: //. , Phoranthia~\. Same as Clinantkium. 



Phormia (for'-we-ah). Same as Pseitdomorphin. 



Phorometer (fo-rom'- et- er) [oopa , motion ; fierpov, 

 measure]. An instrument for measuring the intensity 

 of light ; also one for measuring the relative strengths 

 of the ocular muscles. 



Phorone ( fo / -ron) , C,H u O. A substance prepared by 

 saturating acetone with HO and permitting it to stand. 

 It 'crystallizes in large, yellow prisms, melting at 28 

 C. and boiling at 196° C. 



Phoronomia, Phoronomics [for-o-no / -me-ah, for-o- 

 nom'-iks). Same as Phoronomy. 



Phoronomy {fo-ron'-o-me) \§opa, motion; vouoc, law]. 

 Kinematics. Also, the sequence of movements of 

 the presenting part in the passage of the fetus through 

 the parturient canal. 



Phosgen, Phosgene {fos / -jen, fos'-jen) [otic, light; 

 1, to produce]. Producing light. P. Gas, CO- 

 CL, carbonyl chlorid; a compound formed by the ac- 

 tion of light on a mixture of carbonic oxid and chlorin ; 

 it is a colorless gas with a suffocative odor ; on cooling 

 it condenses to a liquid that boils at -f- 8° C. 



Phosphammonium (fos-fam - o / -ne- um) [o<Jcro6poc, 

 phosphorus; ammonium']. A compound of the radicles 

 M'honium and ammonium. 



Phosphane Biscuits. A chemic food prepared in 

 _;iand from oat-meal. 



Phosphanilin {fas-fan' -il-in) [cxjffdo poc, phosphorus ; 

 aniliii], C 6 H 5 . PH.,. Phenylphosphin ; a substance 

 obtained by the action of hydriodic acid upon phos- 

 phenyl chlorid. It is a liquid, boiling at 160 C. in a 

 current of hydrogen, and possessing an extremely dis- 

 agreeable odor. It sinks in water. 



Phosphate (fas' -fat) [ouaoopoq, phosphorus]. A salt of 

 phosphoric acid. As phosphoric acid has three re- 

 placeable hydrogen atoms, we have three kinds of salts : 

 (1) P., Normal, in which the three hydrogen atoms, 

 or the six of two molecules, are substituted by metals, 

 , -\\P0 4 , Ca,(P0 4 ) r (2) P., Dibasic, or P., 

 Monohydric, in which two hydrogen atoms are re- 

 placed by a base, as Xa ; HP0 4 . (3) P., Monobasic, 

 or P., Dihydric, in which only one hydrogen atom of 

 .the acid molecule is replaced by a metal or radicle, e. 

 g., XaH 2 P0 4 . P., Acid, a dihydric or monohydric 

 phosphate. P., Acid Sodium, the salt to which the 

 acidity of urine is chiefly due. P., Alkaline, a nor- 

 mal or acid phosphate of the alkaline metals. P., 

 Ammonio-magnesium, a double salt of ammonium 

 and magnesium combined with phosphoric acid. P., 

 Bone, Caj(P0 4 )„ the normal calcium ortho-phosphate 

 found in bone. P., Disodic, the phosphate of the 

 blood. P., Earthy, a phosphate, normal or acid, of 

 one of the alkaline earths, calcium or magnesium. 

 Earthy phosphates, as well as the alkaline, occur in 

 the urine, the ratio being about one part of the 

 former to two of the latter. For test, see Tests, 

 Table of . P., Triple, ammonio-magnesium phosphate, 

 occurring in the urine, often in the form of crystals, 

 generally in the shape of a coffin, hip-roof, or en- 

 velop. See urinary Sediments , Table of . 

 Phosphatic {fos-fat'-ik) [ptwpopoc, phosphorus]. Re- 



lating to or having the nature of phosphates. P. Cal- 

 culus. See L'rinary Calculi, Table of. P. Dia- 

 betes. See Diabetes melli/us. P. Diathesis, that 

 condition of the body favoring the deposition of phos- 

 phates in the urine. 



Phosphatid (fos'-fat-id) [puoqopoc, phosphorus]. Any 

 member of a large group of phosphorus- compounds, 

 found in brain-substance, and resembling the phos- 

 phates. They contain phosphoric acid in which one, 

 two, or three molecules of hydroxyl are replaced by 

 various radicles. The phosphatide differ widely from 

 each other in physical properties. 



Phosphaturia (fos-fat-u' 're-ah) [tpuofydpoc, phosphorus ; 

 ovpov, urine]. A condition in which an excess of 

 phosphates is passed in the urine. It can be diagnos- 

 ticated by a quantitative analysis of the urine for 

 phosphates by the uranium method. 



Phosphene (fos'-fen) [puc, light; oaiveiv, to show]. 

 A subjective luminous circle or sensation of light 

 caused by pressure upon the eyeball. See also Par- 

 atolyl. P. of Accommodation, a phosphene pro- 

 duced by the effort of accommodation. P., Pressure. 

 See Phosphene. 



Phosphenylic Acid (fos-fen-H'-i/r) \fxoa<j>6poc, phos- 

 phorus; ooivig, purple-red], C 6 H 5 H. 2 P0 3 . A com- 

 pound of phenyl and phosphorous acid. 



Phosphid {fos'-fid) [ouooopoq, phosphorus]. I. Any 

 compound of phosphorus with a single element or 

 radicle. 2. A substitution compound of phosphin. 



Phosphin(yfo / 3/f«) [ocjct^o/wc, phosphorus]. I. Hydro- 

 gen phosphid, PH 3 . 2. A substitution-compound of 

 PH S , bearing to it the same relation that an amin does 

 to ammonia. The phosphins are colorless, strongly- 

 refracting, volatile liquids, possessing an extremely 

 powerful odor. They are nearly insoluble in water. 

 On exposure to air they are energetically oxidized, 

 and usually inflame spontaneously. They readily 

 combine with sulphur and carbon disulphid. They 

 form salts with acids. 3. A yellow substance occur- 

 ring as a by product in the preparation of fuchsin. 



Phosphite (fos / -fit) \_6uap6poc, phosphorus]. Any salt 

 of phosphorous acid. On account of the three re- 

 placeable hydrogen atoms, we have normal, dibasic or 

 monohydric, and monobasic or dihydric phosphites, of 

 which ihe first are least known. 



Phospho-glyceric Acid (fos-fo-glis-e / -rik) [0wri.^oo, 

 phosphorus ; J / vkvc, sweet], C 3 H 9 P0 6 . A liquid body 

 obtained from lecithin. 



Phosphonium [fos-fo 1 '-nt-um) [oua<i)6poc, phosphorus]. 

 The hypothetic, univalent radicle, PH 4 ; it is analo- 

 gous to ammonium, XH 4 . 



Phosphorated (fos'-for-a-ted) [pufjoopoc, phosphorus]. 

 Synonym of Phosphorized . P. Oil, a one per cent, 

 solution of phosphorus in expressed oil of almonds, 

 with the addition of a small quantity of ether. 

 • Phosphorenesis {fos-for-en'-es-is ) [fa>o<t>6p<t<; , phos- 

 phorus : pi. , Phosphoreneses~\. Baumer's name desig- 

 nating any disease due to excess or deficiency of calcium 

 phosphate in the system. 



Phosphorescence (fos-for-es / -ens ) [owcoopoc, phos- 

 phorus] . The spontaneous luminosity of certain sub- 

 stances, like that of phosphorus, in the dark. It is 

 observed in decomposing organic matter, such as dead 

 fish, wood, etc. ; in the bodies of certain plants and 

 animals, such as the marigold, fire -fly ; in the excreta 

 of some animals ; in the growth of several species of 

 bacteria ; in natural or artificial media. The process 

 is accompanied by oxidation. Several bacteria are 

 known to produce phosphorescence. Thus, the Bacillus 

 phosphorescens (Fischer) is found in the sea- water of 

 the West Indies. Another phosphorescent organism 

 was found by Fischer in the harbor of Kiel. The 



