1 



PICRAMID 



1083 PIGMENT 



Synonym of Picric 

 Any salt of picric 



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&N«0 5 . Picric acid in which one NO a radicle has 



been replaced by XH.,. 

 Picramid \ pi k' -ram-id) \_-inp6q, bitter; amid~\. An 



amid of picric acid ; trinitranilin. 

 Picranisic Acid (pik-ran-iz'-ik). 



Picrate (pik'-rat) \yciKp6c, bitter] . 



acid. See Ammonium Picrate. 

 Picric (pik'-rikj [~iKf>6q, bitter] . Same as Carbazotic. 

 P. Acid. See Acid and Pigments, Conspectus of. P. 

 Acid Test. See Tests, Table of. 

 oaconitin {pik - ro-ak- on'- it - in) [ttwc/joc, bitter ; 

 onitum~\, CjjH^NO,,,. An amorphous substance 

 xtracted from the bulbs of Aconitum napellus. It is 

 slightly poisonous. 

 Picrocarmin ( pik-ro-kar' -min) [Tzmpoc, bitter ; carmin, 

 carmin]. A preparation for staining microscopic 

 specimens. Its composition is as follows : carmin 

 I.o ; ammonia 5.0 ; distilled water 50.0. After 

 solution, add saturated watery solution of picric acid 

 0.0. Allow to stand in a wide-mouthed bottle until 

 e ammonia has evaporated ; then filter. See Stains, 

 "able of. 



oerythrin (pik-ro-er'-itk-rin) [rziKp6q, bitter ; ipv- 

 ] poq, red], C,,H 16 O t -f- 3H 2 0. A crystalline, bitter 

 substance, soluble in hot water, insoluble in absolute 

 alcohol, and melting at 158 C. 

 roglycin, Picroglycion (pik-ro-gli'-sin, pik-ro-gli'- 

 on) \_-iKp6c, bitter ; y/.vnig, sweet] . A crystalline, 

 itter substance, found in Solanum dulcamara. It 

 may be impure solanin. 

 Picrolithium - carmin {pik-ro-lith' -e-um-kar' -min). 

 A solution used in staining microscopic sections. It 

 is composed of carmin 2.5—5.0 ; saturated watery so- 

 lution of lithium carbonate ioo.o; to which is added 

 saturated watery solution of picric acid 2.O. 

 Picromel \ pik'-ro-mel) \jriKpoq, bitter; fd/.i, honey]. 

 A mixture of unknown composition containing salts of 

 glycocholic and taurocholic acids. 

 Picronitric Acid {pik-ro-ni'-trik). Synonym of Picric 



Picropodophyllin (pik'-ro-po-do-fl'-in) [-inpog, bitter ; 

 foot; oi'/'/.ov, leaf). A crystalline substance 

 btained from Podophyllum peltatum. 

 roroccellin (pik-ro-ros-el'-in) [niKpoQ, bitter; roc- 

 eellin], C.,.H., :) X30 5 . A crystalline, bitter substance 

 obtained from Roccella tinctoria, or one of its varieties. 



Picro-saccharimeter (pik'-ro-sak-ar-im'-et-er) [;r«ipoc, 

 bitter ; aaKxapov, sugar ; [iirpov, measure] . An in- 

 strument for determining the amount of sugar in a 

 given sample of urine by comparison with the color 

 of a permanent standard solution of perchlorid of iron — 

 that of a picric acid reduction of the urine brought to 

 a similar tint as the standard by dilution with water — 

 the amount of the latter required indicating the amount 

 of sugar present. 



Picro-saccharometer (pik'-ro-sak-ar-om'-et-er). See 

 Picro-saccharimeter. 



Picrotin 1 pik'-ro-tin) [-ixpoc, bitter], Cj-H^O.. A 

 decomposition-product of picrotoxin, formed when the 

 latter is treated with benzene. 



Picrotoxic Acid (pik-rotoks'-ik). Synonym of Picro- 

 toxin. 



Picrotoxin (pik-ro-toks'-in) [rriKpor, bitter; to~ikov, 

 ison; Picrotoxinum, U. S. P. ; gen. Pirrotoxini]. 

 neutral principle prepared from Anamirta panicu- 

 lata (Cocculus indicus). Picrotoxin stimulates the 

 motor and inhibitory centers in the medulla, especially 

 the respirator)- and vagus centers; it causes epilep- 

 tiform spasms by irritation of the motor centers of the 

 cerebrum or cord and medulla, the spasms often hav- 

 ing the character of manege movements. Its action is 





much like that of strychnin. It has been used in an 

 ointment ( 10 grains to one oz. of lard) in tinea capitis 

 and in pediculosis. It is useful for the night-sweats 

 of phthisis, and in the complex of symptoms known 

 as vasomotor ataxia, a. %>. Dose gr. -fa to fa. ^ l 

 has been tried in epilepsy, but has proved useless. 

 Cocculi, Ext., Fid. Dose mj-iij. C, Tinct., 

 tincture of cocculus, 12^ per cent, in strength. Dose 

 TT\,ij-xv. Cocculi, Planat's Tinct., strength 25 

 per cent. Dose n\-v. Injectio Picrotox. Hypo- 

 dermica, I grain in 240 minims of water. Dose Tr c ij- 

 viij. 



Picrotoxinin (pik-ro-toks' -in-in). See Picrotoxin. 



Pictet Liquid (pik'-tet) [pix, pitch]. A liquid con- 

 sisting of a mixture of sulphurous acid gas and carbon 

 dioxid liquefied under pressure. It has been used in the 

 treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A small quantity 

 allowed to escape into a closed room quickly resumes 

 the gaseous state, and is inhaled by the tuberculous 

 patient. It appears to give good results. 



Pictura (pik-tu'-rah) [pictura, painting, picture]. In 

 biology, the pattern or coloration of a particular part 

 (as a feather) or of an entire animal. 



Piddle (pid'-l) [origin obscure]. To urinate (a child- 

 ish word). 



Piebald (pi'-bawld) [ME., pyebald, piebald]. Of 

 various colors. P. Iris, an iris which has spots of 

 different colors, generally small dark spots on a lighter 

 background. P. Skin. See Leukoderma, and Vitiligo. 



Piedra (pe-a'-drah) [S. Amer.]. A disease of the hair 

 marked by the formation of hard, pin-head-sized 

 nodules on the shaft of the hair, thought to be due to 

 the presence of a species of micrococcus. It occurs in 

 the Andean plateau. 



Piezometer (pi-e-zom'-et-er) [-lii-eiv, to press ; ukrpov, 

 measure]. An apparatus for measuring the degree of 

 compression of gases. 



Pigback Kidney. See Kidney. 



Pigeon (pij'-un) [ME., pigeon, pigeon]. A bird of 

 the family Columbidce. P. -breast. Synonym of 

 Pectus carinatum ; it occurs in rickety children and in 

 mouth-breathers. P. -breasted, affected with pigeon- 

 breast. P. -toe. See Hallux varus. P. -toed, hav- 

 ing the toes directed inward. 



Pigment (pig'-ment) [pigmentum, pingere, to paint]. 

 In biology, a pigment is any organic coloring-matter 

 in the tissues of plants or animals, e.g. , the coloring- 

 matter occurring in the iris, retina, hair, and in the 

 rete mucosum of the skin. It may be of mimetic value, 

 or concerned in assimilation and metabolism, or in 

 respiration. P., Color, and Dye-stuff; a pigment is 

 any substance that is employed in the arts for the pur- 

 pose of imparting color to bodies. The term is properly 

 restricted to the dry coloring-matter, which when mixed 

 with a vehicle becomes a.paint. O. N. Witt assumes 

 the presence of certain characteristic groups — chro- 

 mophorous groups — in all dyestuffs, which, by intro- 

 duction into colorless bodies, give rise to the basis- 

 structure of dyestuffs — chromogenous groups. When 

 these chromogenous groups are joined to salt-forming 

 groups, such as hydroxyl or amidogen, dyestuffs are 

 formed. Color is applied to any hue, especially a 

 pure tint, other than black or white. A dye-stuff is 

 any dyewood, lichen, powder, or dyecake used in 

 dyeing and staining dress-materials. A fast color is 

 one which resists the weather, light, soap-lye, dilute 

 alkalies, and very dilute acids ; a fugitive color is one 

 which is dissipated under similar circumstances. A sub- 

 stantive coloring-matter is one which passes into an 

 insoluble state upon the fiber without the intervention 

 of a mordant ; examples, all the mineral coloring- 

 matters, indigo, turmeric, annatto, safflower, and most 



