

PROTAGON 



1193 



PROTERANDROUS 



Protagon [pro' -tag-on) [rcpuroc, first ; ayetv, to lead], 

 C, .,H„k.N-PO«. A crystalline substance discovered 

 in nervous tissue, by Liebreich. It separates out trom 

 warm alcohol on gradual cooling in the form of very 

 small needles, often arranged in groups; it is slightly 

 soluble in cold, more soluble in hot alcohol, and in 

 ether. It is insoluble in water, but swells up and 

 forms a gelatinous mass. It melts at 200 C. and 

 forms a brown sirupy fluid. 



Protalbumose (prot-al'-bu-moz). Same as Protoalbu- 



Protameba {pro - tarn- e' '-bah) [— puroc, first; auoiflq, 

 ameba]. A genus, or perhaps only a stage of develop- 

 ment, of moners, or protists, of the very simplest type. 



Protamin (pro -tarn' -in) [-puroc, first; amin\, 

 C 16 H. t .,X 9 0>. An organic base found in the nuclein of 

 the outer covering of spermatozoa. 



Protamnion ( pro-tam'-neon) [prpaToc, first ; hfiv'iov, 

 amnion]. The hypothetic ancestral type of existing 

 amniotic animals. 



Protamphirine {pro-tarn' '-fir-iri) [ffpu-oc, first ; auoi, 

 on both sides ; pig, nose]. In biology, the hypo- 

 thetic ancestral type of existing amphirhine animals. 



Protandric (pro-tan' -drik). Same as Protandrous. 



3 rotandrous ( pro-tan' '-dries) . Same as Proterandrous. 



'rotandry (pro-tan' -dre) \jzpu~og, first; avrjp, mate]. 

 j See Proterandry. 



'rotarsus ( pro-tar' -sus) \jrp6, before ; rapaog, tarsus : 

 | //., Protarsi\. In biology, the tarsus of the fore-leg 

 of a six-footed insect. 



'rotean ( pro' ' -te-an) [like the ancient god Proteus']. 

 Existing in many shapes ; as a protean disease, protean 



j eruption. 



Protective (pro-tek' -tiv) [pro, before; tegerc, to 

 cover]. I. That which covers or protects. 2. As a 

 noun, a water-proof substance, which is laid directly 

 Upon a wound as a part of the antiseptic dressing. 

 P. Bandage. See Bandage. P. Dressing, an anti- 

 septic dressing, shielding the part involved from injury 

 or septic contamination. P., Green. See Protective, 

 second definition. 



'roteids • pro' -te-ids) \_~puroq, first]. A general term 

 for the albumins and albuminoid constituents of 

 the organism. They are the anhydrids of peptones, 

 are colloid, non-crystallizable, and levogyrous, and are 

 composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitro- 

 gen in certain proportions. They are precipitated from 

 solutions by alcohol and various metallic salts, and 

 are coagulated by heat and mineral acids. They 

 form the principal solids of the muscular, nervous, 

 and glandular tissues, cf the serum of the blood, of 

 serous fluids, and of lymph. Proteids are divided by 

 Landois into: I. The Native Albumins, comprising 

 Serum-albumin, Egg-albumin, Metal-albumin, and 

 Paralbumin (the last two are probably the same 

 substance) ; 2. The Derived Albumins, or Albuminates, 

 comprising Acid-albumin, Syntonin, Alkali albumin, 

 and Casein, or Native Alkali-albumin; 3. The Glob- 

 ulins, subdivided into Crystallin, the globulin of 

 the crystalline lens, Vitellin, Para-globulin or Serum- 

 globulin, Fibrinogen. Myosin, Globin; 4. The Fibrins ; 

 5. Coagulated Proteids ; 6. Albumoses and Peptones : 

 7. Lardacein or Amyloid Substances. For the tests 

 for proteids, see Xanthoproteic Reaction, Millon s 

 Reagent, Piotrorvshi's Reaction, Brucke's Reagent, 

 mkiewiczs Reaction, in Tests, Table of. P., 

 Defensive, certain bacteria-destroying substances, 

 either existing normally in the animal economy, 

 or produced therein by the process of vaccination 

 or inoculation. Buchner proposes for them the 

 name r.f alexins. Those defensive proteids that 

 exist normally in the animal are termed by Hankin 



Sozins, while those that are present in artificially 

 immune animals are termed Phylaxins. Myco-sozins 

 and Myco-phylaxins are sub-divisions that act by 

 destroying the microbes, while Toxo-sozins and Toxo- 

 phylaxins act by destroying microbic products. 

 P., Vegetal, or Vegetable, proteid substances found 

 in plants, especially in seeds, closely resembling those 

 in animals. They have been given the same names with 

 the prefix vegetal, as, e.g., vegetal globulin, myosin, 

 vitellin, casein, glutin, etc. A true peptone has not 

 been found, but allied substances called albumoses, and 

 divided into Alpha (a) albumoses, Beta (3)-albumoses 

 and Phytalbumoses , have been differentiated. 



Proteiform (pro-te* ' -if-orni) [Proteus, a mythical charac- 



• ter that assumed various shapes ; forma, a form]. 

 Having various forms. See Protean. 



Proteil (pro'-te-il) \jrpuTog, first; v'f.T], matter]. In 

 biology, the term applied by Lankester to that definite 

 chemic substance of very high complexity which is 

 probably present in all protoplasm. The hypothetic 

 essential basis of every variety of living matter. 



Protein ( pro'-le-in) [rrpareveiv, to be first]. In biology: 

 I. The term introduced by Mulder (1838) to designate 

 the hypothetic compound common to all albuminoids. 

 It is now loosely used to denote the whole class. Cf. 

 Proteid. 2. A nitrogenous substance analogous to 

 fibrin. It is formed artificially by the action of an 

 alkaline hydrate on albumin, fibrin, or casein. The 

 addition of acetic acid precipitates the protein as a gel- 

 atinous translucent deposit. P., Anthrax, a proteid 

 obtained from cultures of bacillus anthracosis. It 

 resembles mykoprotein in not containing sulphur. P. 

 Bodies. See Proteids. P. Granules. See Aleurone. 

 P., Myco-, Xencki's term for any one of the albu- 

 minous bodies contained within bacterial organisms. 



Proteinchrome, Proteinchromogen (pro'-te-in-krom, 

 pro-te-in-kro* '-mo-jen ) [izpuroc, first ; xpuua, color ; 

 yewav, to produce]. Tryptophan ; a substance pro- 

 duced from hemi-peptone by the action of trypsin. It 

 gives with chlorin or bromin a reddish -violet product, 

 proteinchrome. 



Proteinol (pro'-te-in-ol) [^purroc, first ; oleum, oil]. A 

 form of nutritious food for infants and invalids. It 

 contains proteids, fats, carbohydrates and lime-salts. 



Protembryo (pro-tem'-bre-d) \j?pii)Toq, first; i/iflpvov, 

 embryo]. In biology, that stage in the segmenting 

 ovum of a metazoSn in which it resembles the colonial 

 stage of certain protozoans. 



Protembryonic (pro-tem-bre-on'-ik) [Tpurog, first; 

 euS/wov, embryo]. Pertaining to the protembryo. 



Protencephalon (pro-ten- sef'-al-on) [-poirog, first; 

 ty/cfOa/of, brain]. The fore-brain. 



Protenchyma (pro-teng'-kim-ah)[TrpuTog, first ; h t y'tua, 

 an infusion]. In biology, Naegeli's term for all plant- 

 tissues not of the fibro- vascular system {epenchymd). 



Proteolysis (pro-te-ol'-is-is) [Kpureveiv, to be first ; / 1 o/f, 

 dissolving]. In biology, the change produced in 

 proteids by organized or unorganized ferments. P., 

 Digestive, the decomposition of proteids during the 

 process of digestion. 



Proteolytic (pro-te-o-lit'-ik) [Trpuroc, first ; /Jmg, solu- 

 tion]. Pertaining to, characterized by, or effecting, 

 proteolysis. See Ferments. 



Proteoses (pro-te-o'-sez) [-puroc, first]. The bodies 

 formed in gastric digestion intermediate between the 

 food proteids and the peptones, called anti peptone, 

 hemi-peptone, etc. 



Proterandrous, Protandrous ( pn-o-ter-an'-drus, pro- 

 tan' -drus). In biology, terms descriptive of her- 

 maphrodite flowers that mature their stamens before 

 the stigmas are ready to receive the pollen. P. Her- 

 maphroditism. See Hermaphroditism. 





