

PROTOIODID 



1195 



PROTOPODITE 



Protoiodid {pro-lo-i'-o-did). Synonym of Protiodid. 



Protokollagen ( pro-to-kol'-aj-en) [-poroc, first ; Ko'/.'/a, 

 glue; yewav, to produce]. A substance isolated by 

 Frenzel from gregarin;t. Cf. Proto-elastin. 



Protoleucyte {pro - to - In'- sit) [-pcrroc , first ; 7-evkoc, 

 white ; k'vtoc, a cell]. In biology, the name given 

 by Salensky to the formative portion of the ovum, in 

 which the finely granular protoplasm predominates, as 

 distinguished from the deutoleucyte , in which the vitel- 

 line granules are most abundant. 



Protoleukocyte {pro-to-lu' -ko-sit)\jrp£iToc, first; Xevkdc, 

 white: kvtoc, cell]. One of the minute lymphoid 

 cells found in the red bone-marrow and also in the 

 spleen. 



Protomala {pro - to - ma'- lah) [^puroc, first ; mala, 

 mandible : pi, Protomalte\ See Promala. 



Protomalal {pro - to - ma'- la / ) [-ptjroc, first; mala, 

 mandible]. Pertaining to the protomala. 



Protomeristem {prro-to-mer'-is-tem) \_-pirroc, first; 

 fiipog, a part]. See Meristem, Primary. 



Protomerite {pro-torn' -er-it) [irpwroc, first; uipoc, a 

 part]. In biology, the anterior of the two cells of a 

 seixate gregarine, as distinguished from the posterior 

 cell, the deutomerite (a. v.). If it bear a proboscis, or 

 epimerite, the organism is spoken of as Cephalont. 



Protomeritic {pro-to-mer-if -ik) [-puroc, first; fupoc, 

 a part]. Pertaining to a protomerite. 



Protomorphic {pro-to-mor' -fik) [xpwruc, first ; fiopofj, 

 form]. In biology, of a primitive or original form or 

 structure. 



Protomyosinose {pro-to-mi-os' -in-oz) [?7p<jToc, first ; 

 muscle]. A primary product of the digestion of 

 myosin. 



Proton (pro* -ton) [-puroc, first]. A term suggested 

 by Wilder to designate the primitive, undifferentiated 

 mass or rudiment of a part. It is the equivalent of 

 the words Anlage and fundament as employed by 

 Minot and Mark respectively. 



Protonema {pro-tone' -tnah ) [-puroc, first ; vrj[ta, a 

 thread]. In biology, a colorless, confervoid or fila- 

 mentous structure produced from the germinating 



• spore and forming one stage in the life-history of a 

 5S. Upon it the leafy plant containing chlorophyl 

 arises as a lateral shoot. Cf. Prothallium. 



Protonemal {pro-to-ne'-mal) [—pwroc, first; vf)ua, a 

 thread]. Pertaining to the protonema. 



Protonematoid {pro - to - ne / - mat - oid ) [-puroc, first ; 

 vjy/wi, a thread ; eldoc, like]. In biology, resembling 

 a protonema. 



Protoneme {pro'-to-nem). Same as Protonema. 



Protonephric {pro-to-nef'-rik) (Vptiroc, first; vedpog, 



kidney]. Pertaining to the protonephron. 

 Protonephrium {pro - to - nef f - re - um). Synonym of 



Protonephron. 

 Protonephron {pro-to-nef ' ron) [~p€>Toc, first ; vedpoc, 

 kidney]. The pronephron, metanephron, and meso- 

 nephron taken together; the Wolffian body in its 



1 largest extent ; the primitive or embryonic kidney. 

 Ct. Pronephron, Mesonephron, Metanephron, Okenian 

 Body, Wolffian Body. 



Protonucleate {pro-to-nu'-kle-af) [-puroc, first; nu- 

 cleus, nucleus]. Exhibiting the first signs of nuclea- 



Proto-organism {pro-toor'-gan-izm) [xpwroc, first; 

 bpyavnv, organ]. A microorganism; a protozoan or 

 protophyte ; a protist. 



'rotopathia {pro-to-pdth'-e-ah). See Pr otopathy. 



°rotopathic {pro-to-path' -ik) \jrpi>roc, first; iradoc, 

 disease]. Primary; relating to the first lesion. Op- 

 posed, to deuteropathic. 



'rotopathy {pro-top/ -ath-e) \npi>TOc t first ; irddoc, dis- 

 ease]. A primary disease. 



Protopepsia {pro-to-pep' '-se-ah ) \izpwroc, first ; tte-tziv 

 to cook]. A primary process of digestion, as that of 

 starches by the saliva. 



Protophloem {pro-to-flo / -em) \_~pi>roc, first; <ft.oi6c, 

 bark]. See Prophloem. 



Protophyte {pro / -to-fit) [irp&roc, first ; $vt6v, plant]. 

 Any plant of the lowest and most primitive type. The 

 Schisomycetes, or bacteria {a. v.), may be classed as 

 protophytes, with other low vegetable forms. The 

 protophytes have no visible reproductive organs. 



Protophytic {pro-to-fit' -ik) [-puroc, first ; <pvrov, plant]. 

 Pertaining to a protophyte. 



Protopin {pro'-to-pin) \jzpuroc, first; 6—iov, opium], 

 CjqHjjXOj. An alkaloid obtained from opium. 



Protoplasis {pro-to-pla' -sis) [xporoc, first ; Tr/Acoeiv, to 

 form]. The primary formation of tissue. 



Protoplasm {pro f - to - plazm) \_-purroc, first; Tr/aaua, 

 anything formed or molded]. In biology, the slimy 

 material constituting the substance of living plant and 

 animal cells, the chemic and physical properties of 

 which underlie all the vital functions of nutrition, secre- 

 tion, growth, reproduction, irritability, motility, etc. 

 The word is not now applied to a definite compound, 

 but rather to the physical appearance always found in 

 living cells ; the actual chemic composition varying 

 from cell to cell, from organism to organism, from mo- 

 ment to moment. Underlying all this diversity there 

 seems to be one definite chemic basal substance — 

 proteil — a complex molecule derived from various alde- 

 hyds, glycols, and ketones, in combination with a 

 number of chemic substances, some of them on the 

 way up to the highest point, some on the downward 

 path. Hugo von Mohl was the first to employ the 

 word protoplasm (1846) in his description of the sub- 

 stance which is essential to the formation and develop- 

 ment of plant-cells. Max Schultze (1861) demon- 

 strated the identity of this with the essential substance 

 of animal cells, called Sarcode by Dujardin (1835), an 

 identity which had been suggested by Schwann as early 

 as 1839, and by Cohn in 1850. When highly mag- 

 nified the protoplasm of most cells appears as a net- 

 work {spongioplasm, reticulum), containing a more 

 fluid substance {hyaloplasm, or enchylema) in it; 

 meshes. P., Mother. Synonym of Germ-plasm. 



Protoplasma {pro-to-plaz' -mah) [irpirroq, first ; Tr>.a<r//a, 

 anything molded]. See Protoplasm. 



Protoplasmal {pro-to-plaz' -mal). Same as Protoplas- 

 mic. 



Protoplasmatic {pro-to-plaz-maf-ik). Synonym of 

 Protoplasmic. 



Protoplasmic {pro-to-plaz' -mik\ [Trpisroc, first ; tts.go- 

 aecv, to mold]. Pertaining to protoplasm. 



Protoplast {pre/ - to - plast) \jrpuroc, first; Tr/auroc, 

 formed, molded]. In biology : {a) The entire un- 

 specialized organic cell. See under Heredity, (b) 

 The primitive type, or original, of some organic being. 



Protoplastic {pro-to-plas'-tik) [—pirroc, first ; -/.aaaeiv, 

 to form]. Synonym of Protoplasmic. Applied also 

 to a solution for determining the influence of the blood- 

 plaques upon the coagulation of blood. P. Liquid, 

 Schmidt's ; its preparation is as follows : One part 

 of blood is allowed to flow into 3 parts of a 28 per 

 cent, watery solution of magnesium sulphate at o° C. 

 This is well stirred and allowed to stand until sedi- 

 mentation of the corpuscular elements has taken place. 

 The supernatant liquid is then drawn off and filtered at 

 o°C. 



Protopodial {pro-to-po'de-al) [rrpuroc, first; ttoic, 

 food]. Pertaining to a protopodium. 



Protopodite {pro-top* -o-dit) [-pirroe, first; -ore, foot]. 

 In biology, the shaft or stem of a biramose limb of a 

 crustacean, as distinguished from the inner branch 



