RAK 



1235 



RALES 



ik (rak). See Arrak. 

 ike Teeth, a term applied to teeth separated by inter- 

 vals, like those of a rake. 



'-e) [Turk., spirits]. A Turkish liqueur, in 

 he preparation of which mastic is used, 

 tkli pili {ratf-le-pi'-le). An Indian term for lep- 



.Itirahl) [¥r.,raler, to rattle]. The sound caused 



by the breaking of air through impediments or passing 

 over obstructions in the lungs and bronchi. They vary 

 in character according to the consistency of the sur- 

 rounding lung-tissue. Sometimes a distinction is made 

 between rales and rhonchi. The first word is applied 

 to sounds generated by vibrations set up in fluids, the 

 second to sounds generated in the narrowed or ob- 

 structed lumen of tubes. See Table of Rales. 



i^L 



TABLE OF RALES. 



I phoric. 



'" 



large. 



When Heard. 



How and Where Produced. Size and Character. 



Inspiration and expira- 

 tion. 



By movement of air in a tense- Large, musical, and 

 walled cavity containing air and tinkling, 

 communicating with a bronchus- 



Inspiration and expira- 

 tion. 



By passage of air through frothy 

 mucus in the trachea and larger 

 bronchi. 



Larger than the 

 medium bubbling; 

 moist. 



t bling, me- Inspiration and expira- 

 ! tion. 



£'. bling, Inspiration and expira- 



all. tion. 



Inspiration and expira- 

 tion. 



•cing. Inspiration only. 



donating. Inspiration and expira- 

 tion. 



C kling.dry. 





In inspiration. 



By passage of air through mucus Larger than the 

 in the larger tubes. small bubbling; 



moist. 



Condition in which 

 Heard. 



In tuberculous and abscess 

 cavities. 



Bronchitis and pulmonary 

 engorgemeut. 



In capillary bronchitis, 

 especially in children. 



By passage of air through mucus 

 in the bronchioles. 



Small ; moist ; like the In capillary' bronchitis, 

 bursting of soft bub- especially in children, 

 bles. 



By passage of air through a small 

 cavity with flaccid walls, which 

 collapse with expiration.' 



By passage of air through soften- 

 ing material in smaller bronchi. 



When bronchial tubes surrounded 

 by consolidated tissue. 



Hollow and metallic. 



Small ; sticky. 



Bright, clear, ringing. 



By the breaking down of lung- 

 tissue. 



Sharp, short, and 

 clicking. 



In the third stage of pul- 

 monary tuberculosis. 



The apex in pulmonary' 

 tuberculosis. 



Tuberculous pneumonia. 



In the second or softening 

 stage of pulmonary tuber- 

 culosis and in pulmonary 

 gangrene. 



I i n g , Inspiration and expira- 

 tion. 



: 1 i n g , 



;ling, 



By fluid in very small cavities. 



Larger than the 

 medium crackling; 

 dry- 



In pulmonary tuberculosis 

 and pneumonia, after for- 

 mation of small cavities. 



Chiefly in inspiration. 



By fluid in the finer bronchi. 



Chiefly in inspiration. 



By fluid in the finer bronchi. 



Larger than the Softening of tuberculous 

 small crackling; dry. j deposit or pneumonic 

 ! exudation. 



Small ; dry ; like the ! Softening of tuberculous 

 breaking of small I deposit or pneumonic 

 shells. exudation. 



End of inspiration. 



By passage of air into vesicles col- 

 lapsed, or containing fibrinous 

 exudation. Usually at the base 

 of the lungs. 



Small ; like rubbing 

 the hair between the 

 fingers. 



Pneumonia, early stage ; 

 edema of lungs; hypo- 

 static pneumonia : local- 

 ized in pulmonary tuber- 

 culosis. 



Inspiration and expira- 

 tion. 



By narrowing of the bronchial 

 tubes from thickening of the 

 mucous lining, from spasmodic 

 contraction of the muscular coat, 

 viscid mucus within, or pressure 

 from without. 



Large and sonorous, 

 or small and hissing, 

 or whistling. 



In bronchitis, asthma, and 

 localized in beginning 

 pulmonary tuberculosis. 



thoracic. 



In the trachea or larvnx. 



Inspiration and expira- 

 tion ; most distinct at 

 the end of inspiration. 



By the rubbing together of serous Grazing, rubbing. In pleurisy and pericar- 

 surfaces, roughened by inflam- grating, creaking, or ditis. 

 niation or deprived of their nat- crackling, 

 ural secretion. 



Inspiration and expira- 

 tion. 



By the passage of air through fluid i Larger than the large 

 in cavities, on coughing. , bubbling; moist: 



like the bursting of 

 large bubbles. 



Pulmonary tuberculosis 

 after formation of cavi- 

 ties. 



r.V. 



In the throat. 



By the passage of air through 

 bronchi containing fluid. 



'is (of Inspiration and expira- 

 nec). ; tion. 



By viscid bubbles bursting in the A modification of the 

 bronchial tubes. sub-crepitant. 



Pulmonary' emphysema. 



