RH^STOCYTHEMIA 



1264 



RHEGMATOUS 



Rhaestocythemia (res-to-si-the' -me-ah). See Rhestocy- 

 themia. 



Rhagades (rag'-ad-ez) \paydg: pi. of Rhagas~\. Rha- 

 gadia ; linear cracks or fissures in the skin, whether 

 due to injury or disease. They are most frequently 

 seen on the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands 

 and feet, at the angles of the mouth, the anus, and the 

 flexures. They are painful on movement. 



Rhagadia (rag-a'-de-ah). See Rhagades. 



Rhagadiolus (rag-ad-i' -o-lus) \_paydg, a crack]. A 

 genus of the Cichoriacece. R. etulis, a variety found 

 in southern Europe and which possesses aperient and 

 diuretic properties. R. hedypnois, a variety supposed 

 to possess aperient properties. 



Rhagas (ra'-gas) [paydg, a rent: //., Rhagades']. 

 Singular of Rhagades (seldom used in the singular). 



Rhagite (rag' -it) \_'payag, a crack]. A hydrous arseniate 

 of bismuth occurring in yellow or yellowish-green 

 crystals. 



Rhagon (rag' -on) [pa!;, a grape]. In biology, a type 

 of sponge-structure characterized by the grape-like ar- 

 rangement of the spheric chambers. Also called 

 Dyssycus. Cf. Ascon, Leucon, Sycon. 



Rhagonate (rag' -o-ndt) \_pd%, a grape]. Having the 

 character of a rhagon ; rhagose. 



Rhagose (rag'-oz) [pd£, a grape]. Racemose ; ar- 

 ranged like a bunch of grapes. 



Rhamma [ram' -ah) [pdjxpa]. Suture, q. v. 



Rhamnegin (ram' -ne-jin) [pd/xvog'], C 12 H 10 O 5 . A glu- 

 cosid derived from buckthorn -berries. 



Rhamnetin (ram-ne' -tin) , See Rhamnin. 



Rhamnin (ram'-nin) [pdpvog, the buckthorn]. A yel- 

 low, neutral, crystalline substance found in buckthorn. 

 It contains rhamnetin, a valuable yellow coloring- 

 matter. 



Rhamnite (ram' -nit) [pdfivog, the buckthorn], C 6 H u 5 . 

 Pentaoxyhexane. Its aldehyd is rhamnose. 



Rhamnocathartin (ram' -no-kath-art' -in)[pd/xvog, buck- 

 thorn; mdaprtKog, purging]. A yellow, amorphous, 

 translucent substance ; a bitter principle contained in 

 the berries of Rhamnus catliartica. 



Rhamnose (ram'-noz) [pdfivog, the buckthorn], C 6 H 12 - 

 O s . Isodulcite or methyl arabinose ; one of the glucoses. 

 It results upon decomposing different glucosids (quer- 

 citrin, xanthorhamnin, lesperidin) with dilute H 2 S0 4 . 

 It forms large , vitreous crystals containing one molecule 

 of water, and melting at 93 C. It reduces alkaline 

 copper solutions, but is not fermented by yeast. See 

 Carbohydrates, Table of. 



Rhamnotannic Acid, Rhamnotannin (ram-no-tan' - 

 ik, ram-no-lan'-in) \_pdfivog, buckthorn ; tannin, tan- 

 nin].' An astringent, amorphous, neutral greenish- 

 yellow mass, probably an impure coloring-matter 

 derived from some variety of Rhamnus. 



Rhamnoxanthin (ram-no-zan'-thin) ['pdfivog, buck- 

 thorn; !-av66c, yellow]. See Frangulin. 



Rhamnus (ram'-nus) [pd/ivog, buckthorn]. One of a 

 genus of polypetalous shrubs and trees. R. alaternus, 

 a plant indigenous to northern Africa and the south of 

 Europe, of which the leaves are astringent and the 

 fruits bitter and purgative. R. alpinus, Alpine buck- 

 thorn. The fruits and bark are purgative. R. baccae, 

 the berries of R. catharticus. R. californica, Cali- 

 fornia buckthorn, the bark of which has strong purga- 

 tive properties. R. carolinianus, a shrub or small 

 tree with purple berries, found in the southern United 

 States. R. cathartica, or catharticus, common buck- 

 thorn ; purging thorn ; harts - thorn ; rain - berry ; 

 thornway ; thorn ; a shrub indigenous to Europe, Asia. 

 and northern Africa; it is cultivated in the United 

 States. The berries are actively purgative. They are 

 usually given in a syrupy vehicle to counteract their irri- 



tant effect. R. catharticae fructus, the berries of R. 

 cathartica. R. crocea, California mountain holly ; 

 an extract of the bark is used in medicine as a mild 

 laxative and tonic. R. ellipticus, a species used in 

 medicine as an antisyphilitic. R. frangula, dogwood ; 

 alder (United States and Br. Ph.). The bark only is 

 official and occurs in thin quills, grayish-brown ex- 

 ternally, and rough ; internally, smooth and yellowish 

 in color. It is a laxative, but too irritant to prove 

 of much value in medicine. The berries have been 

 used as a cathartic. R. frangulae, Extractum, an 

 aqueous or alcoholic extract of the bark of R. 

 frangula. R. lineatus, a species indigenous to 

 China. The root is used in medicine and has diuretic 

 properties. R. lycioides, a Spanish variety. A de- 

 coction of the berries is used as an external applica- 

 tion in rheumatic joint-enlargements. R. pumilus, 

 dwarf buckthorn ; a variety having mild purgative 

 properties, the fruit and bark being used. R. purshi- 

 ana, or purshianus, California buckthorn ; a small 

 tree which grows in California. The bitter bark consti- 

 tutes cascara sagrada — official in the Br. Ph. 2&Rhamni 

 purshiani cortex. It contains three resins ; tannic, 

 malic, and oxalic acids ; a neutral, crystallizable prin- 

 ciple, and an essential oil. It is used as a laxative, 

 and is especially valuable in that it exerts a pro- 

 tracted influence upon the gastrointestinal tract. R. 

 sanguinea, or sanguineus, used in the treatment of 

 itch ; a Spanish variety. R. saxatilis, rock buck- 

 thorn ; the berries and a portion of the bark are said 

 to be purgative. Rhamni, Succus, the expressed juice 

 of the fruit of R. catharticus. R. virgatus, a variety 

 found in Hindostan. The fruit is used as a purgative. 

 R. wightii, an Asiatic variety. The bark is akin in 

 its action to cascara sagrada. See Buckthorn, Cas- 

 cara sagrada. 



Rhamphoid (ram' -foid) [pdu<f>og, a curved beak; elSog, 

 like]. Beak-shaped. 



Rhamphos (ram'-fos) [pa/u<f>og, a beak]. A rostrum. 



Rhamphotheca (ram-fo-the' -kah) [paptyog, a curved 

 beak ; di/nt], a sheath]. In biology, the entire horny 

 integument of the beak of a bird. Cf. dertrotheca, 

 gnathotheca, rhinotheca. 



Rhanter (rant'-er) [pavrfip, sprinkle]. The inner 

 canthus, q. v. 



Rhaphagra (raf-a'-grah) [patyl], a seam ; ay pa, a seiz 

 ure]. Pain in the cranial sutures. 



Rhaphanedon (raf-an' -ed-on) \_'pa<j>av7j66v"] . A trans 

 verse fracture. 



Rhaphania (raf-a'-ne-ah) [pdtyavog, the radish]. Pois 

 oning by the black radish, strawberries, or ergot. R. 

 marsitica, pellagra, so named because it was thought 

 to be due to using maize as a food. 



Rhaphe (ra'-fe). See Raphe. 



Rhaphides (ra'-fut-ez). See Raphis. 



Rhaphiostixis (ra-fe-o-stiks'-is) [pa<j>ig, a needle ; 

 a rr'~ cing]. Same as Acupuncture, q. v. 



Rhapms (ra'-fis). See Raphis. 



Rhaphosymphysis (ra-fo-siui'-fis-is) [pafi/, a sean 

 orpyvaig, a symphysis]. Ossification of a suture. 



Rhapontic (ra-pon'-tik) [rhaponticum]. Rhubarb. 



Rhatany (mt'-an ,■). See Krameria. 



Rhea (re'-ah). Synonym of Ramie-fiber, q.v. 



Rheadin (rc'-ad-in). An insoluble crystalline alkaloid 

 of opium. 



Rhegma (reg'-mah) [/>//}'//« : //.. Rhegmata\ A n- 

 rupture, or puncture of the walls of a vessel or oi t 

 containing membrane of a tissue as. 1m- example, the 

 . oats of the eye, the walls of the peritoneum. 

 the bursting of an abscess. 



Rhegmatous (reg'-viat us) [/<//) no, a rent]. In a re 

 or ruptured condition. 



