SPECIFICITY 



1346 



SPECTRUM 



in binomial nomenclature. S. Rotatory Power, 

 the angle of rotation which a layer of unit-thick- 

 ness would give to a certain light-ray. S. Stain, a 

 pigment used in microscopy, having a peculiar affinity 

 for certain histologic elements. The chief are : 

 Anilin Chlorid, Acid Fuchsin, Congo Red, Gold Chlo- 

 rid, Iodin, Methyl-violet, Nigrosin, Osmic Acid, Phlo- 

 roglucin, Rose Bengale, Safranin, Silver Nitrate, 

 Victoria Blue. See Stain, Plasmatic Stain, Nuclear 

 Stain, and Table of Stains. S. Warmth, that amount 

 of warmth which is necessary to warm one gram of a 

 given substance one degree. According to Adam- 

 kiewicz, the specific warmth of muscle is even greater 

 than that of water, although it has been assumed 

 that the specific warmth of water is greater than that 

 of any other known substance, with the exception of 

 hydrogen. 



Specificity (spes-ifis' '-it-e) [species, species ; facere, to 

 make] . The quality of being specific, or of accom- 

 plishing a determinate function and not another. The 

 qualities giving an organ or tissue a distinct character. 



Specillum (spe-sil'-um) [h.:pl., Specilla~\. A probe, 

 especially one of silver, armed with a button-shaped 

 head, for exploring wounds, fistulas, etc. 



Specimen (spes f -im-en) [L.]. An example; an ex- 

 hibit. S., Living, sometimes applied to a patient ex- 

 hibited before an audience. 



Spectacles (spek'-tak-ls) [speclaculum, a show] . Framed 

 or mounted lenses for the correction of optical or 

 muscular defects of the eye. See Lens. The differ- 

 ence between the old and new systems of numbering 

 lenses is shown in the annexed Table, from Landolt. 



COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE INCH AND THE 

 METRIC SYSTEMS OF NUMBERING SPECTACLE- 

 LENSES. (From Landolt) 



S., Bifocal. See Bifocal. S., Orthoscopic. S 

 Orthoscopic. S., Pantoscopic, a synonym of £ 

 Bifocal, q. v. S., Periscopic. See Periscopic. 5 

 Prismatic, spectacles with prismatic lenses, eith 

 alone or combined with spheric or cylindric lense 

 S., Protective, lenses, usually tinted, to shield tl 

 eyes from light, dust, heat, etc. 



Spectra (spek'-tra) plural of Spectrum, q. v. 



Spectral (spek'-tral) [spectrum, specter]. Pertainir 

 to a spectrum. S. Ocular. See Ocular. 



Spectro-colorimeter [spek' -tro-kul-or-im' -et-er) [spe 

 trum, spectrum ; color, color ; fierpov, measure]. A 

 apparatus for the isolation of a single spectral colo 

 It is used for the detection of color-blindness. 



Spectrology (spek-trol'-o-je) [spectrum, spectrum 

 Adyog, science]. The science of spectrum-analysis. 



Spectrometer (spek-trom' -et-er) [spectrum, spectrum 

 fierpov, measure]. An instrument for the determin 

 tion of the refractive indices of liquids. 



Spectrometry [spek-trom' '-et-re) [spectrum, spectrum 

 fierpov, measure]. The measurement of the spectrun 

 or the observational use of the spectrometer. 



Spectro-microscope [spek' '-tro-mi' '-kro-skop). See h 

 cro-spectroscope. 



Spectrophotometer {spek 1 ' -tro-fo-tom' '-et-er) [spectrin 

 spectrum; <puroc, light; fierpov, measure]. An a 

 paratus for determining the amount of color in spe 

 trum-analysis. 



Spectro-polarimeter (spek' ' -tro-po-lar-im' ' -et-er) [spa 

 trum, spectrum; polus, pole ; fierpov, measure], .1 

 instrument in which a spectroscope and polarizing a; 

 paratus are combined for the purpose of determini 

 the concentration of solutions of substances that rot; I 

 the plane of polarized light. 



Spectroscope (spek f - tro - skop) [spectrum, an imag, 

 OKoweiv, to see]. An instrument for the product! 

 and examination of the spectrum. Henoque's mu> 

 seur ckro??iatique is a modified spectroscope by me. 

 of which the spectrum of the blood in living tissu 

 as the nail or palm, may be analyzed. Hyperemia j 

 is said, may be definitely measured, and the chan' 

 which the blood undergoes in the tissues observ, 



. and timed. 



Spectroscopic (spek-tro-skop'-ik) [spectrum, spectrin 1 

 GKoireiv, to view]. Pertaining to the spei 

 S. Ocular. See Ocular. 



Spectroscopy (spek-tros f -ko-pe) [spectrum, spectrin' 

 oKoirelv, to see]. The use of the spectroscope, as 

 chemic analysis. 



Spectrum (spek' -trum) [L. : //. , Spectra]. The bij 

 of ether-waves from a radiant body, having pas 

 through a prism, or having been reflected Inn 

 diffraction-grating, and thereby arranged 1 

 according to their wave-lengths. S., Absorption 

 spectrum which contains dark lines or bands, nil 

 are produced in a continuous spectrum by the ■!» 

 tion of incandescent vapors, through which the lil 

 has passed, as in the solar atmosphere. S.-analy:'» 

 determination of the nature of bodies by the cha' - 

 ter of their spectra. S., Auditory. See I'/trm. 

 Photism. S., Comparison, the arrangement si<l< I 

 side of the spectra of two different substances. I 

 prism is placed just below the slit of the sp< 1 

 so that light entering from a mirror at tin' 

 of the drum shall be totally reflected in a »ert 1 

 direction, and thus parallel with the rays from * 

 microscope. S., Complementary, a spectrum 

 rived from bodies which change in chemic or nw - 

 ular constitution before reaching a sufficiently I 

 temperature to become luminous. S , Continu' ;< 

 a spectrum without sudden variations of hue. in »i 

 the various rainbow or spectral colors merge g»dtfl 



