SPECULUM 



into one another. S., Double. See S., Compari- 

 son. S., Line, the spectrum resulting from incandes- 

 cent gas. It consists not of the various rainbow 

 colors, but of sharp, narrow, bright lines, the color 

 depending on the substance ; all the rest of the spec- 

 trum is dark. S., Normal, a spectrum in which the 

 red color occupies about the same space as the blue 

 and the violet. S., Solar, the spectrum of sunligltt. 

 It contains many dark lines, the greater part of which 

 can be identified in the spectra of known terrestrial 

 substances. The presence in the sun's atmosphere of 

 thirty-six elements has been established. ( Row- 

 land, 1 89 1.) 



peculum {spek r - u-luni) [L. : //., Specula or Specu- 

 lums\. An instrument for examining the ear, nose, 

 and other cavities ; also, an instrument for dilating 

 parts. In biology, see Ocellus. S., Sims', a peculiar 

 form of vaginal speculum, sometimes called duckbill 

 speculum. 



pedalskhed {sped-als'-ked'). A Skandinavian term for 

 leprosy. 



peech {speck) [ME. , speche, speech]. Vocal sounds 

 conveying ideas. S. -center. See Center. S., Dis- 

 orders of; three principal classes of speech -disorders 

 may be made : — I. Those in which speech is entirely 

 absent, a. Mutism, an inability to utter articulate 

 sound, secondary to a lesion of the auditory apparatus. 

 b. Anarthria, inability to utter articulate sound, due 

 to a cerebral lesion, c. Alalia, inability to utter 

 articulate sound, due to paralysis of the vocal mechan- 

 ism, d. Apthongia, temporary inability to speak, due 

 to spasm of the hypoglossus. II. Those in which 

 speech is impaired or made difficult through an extra- 

 cerebral lesion, Dyslalia, q. v. a. Aphonia, loss 

 of the power of intonation, the faculty of articulation 

 being preserved, b. Stammering, Stuttering, a 

 hesitancy in pronunciation due to a want of prompti- 

 tude in the vocal mechanism, c. Lalling, the im- 

 ect pronunciation of letters or words, as by 

 children or inebriated persons. It is due to a want of 



! precision in the vocal mechanism. It includes: I. 

 Slurring, thickness of speech. 2. Mogilalia, the 

 inability to articulate some single letter. Rhotacism, 

 1 Sigmatacism, Lambdacism, Iotacism, and Gammacism, 

 are subclasses due to the omission or defective pro- 

 nunciation of R, S, L,J, and A'and G, respectively. 

 3. Paralalia, the production of a distinctly different 

 sound from that desired or the substitution of one letter 

 for another. Pararhotacism, Parasigmatacism , Para- 

 lambdacism, Paraiotacism, and Paragammacism, are 

 the substitution of other distinct sounds for R, S, L, 

 J, and A'and G, respectively. When Th is substituted 

 for 5 it is called Lisping. 4. Rhinolalia, defects of 

 articulation caused by increase or decrease of the nasal 

 resonance. III. Those in which speech is impaired 

 or made difficult by a central lesion, a. Bradylalia, 

 or Bradyphasia, an abnormal slowness of speech 

 due to pathologic cause, b. Logorrhea, excessive 

 volubility of speech. The unmeaning volubility 

 in certain forms of insanity is called Verbig- 

 eration, c. Echolalia, the echo-like repetition 

 of words just heard, without attempt to attach 

 meanings to them. d. Embololalia, or Embolo- 

 phrasia, the frequent interpolation into speech of a 

 useless or meaningless word or syllable. 1. Ango- 

 phrasia, hemming and La wing. 2. Logospasmus chorei- 

 ormis, the spasmodic interpolation of a word ; a sub- 

 variety when the word is of a disreputable or dirty 

 character is called Coprolalia, e. Aphasia, q. v. 

 >elter (spel'-ter) [origin obscure]. Crude zinc. 

 isnd [Med. Lat., spendere, Lat. , dispendere, to lay out, 

 to expend]. Vulgarly, to ejaculate the semen. 



1347 



SPERMATIC 



Spent \spendere, to spend]. Exhausted ; impotent. S. 

 Acid, a battery-acid that has become too weak for effi- 

 cient action. 



Sperm, Sperma {sper' -mah) \a-fpiia, seed]. ' The 

 semen, or seed. Sperm-ball, a spheric cluster of sper- 

 matozoa. S. -blastoderm, a blastodermic layer of 

 formative spermatozoa. S.-blastula, a spheric blas- 

 tula whose surface is a sperm-blastoderm. S.-cell. a 

 spermatozoon. S. -morula, a spermatic morula. S.- 

 nucleus, the nucleus of a spermatozoon. S.-oil, an 

 oil procured from the deposits in the head of the 

 sperm-whale. In the living animal, the solid sperma- 

 ceti is held in solution in the liquid sperm-oil ; when 

 the liquid becomes cold the spermaceti separates out. 

 The oil is very limpid, relatively free from odor, and 

 burns well in lamps ; specific gravity 0.875. It * s used 

 as a lubricant on account of its low cold-test and its 

 viscosity, and also as an illuminant. S.-rope, a string 

 of spermatozoa. 



Spermaceti {sper - mas - e'- te) [a-epaa, seed ; Krjroq, 

 whale], C 16 H 31 2 .C, 6 H S3 . Cetylpalmitic ester ; a sub- 

 stance that occurs in the oil from peculiar cavities in 

 the heads of sperm-whales ; upon standing and cool- 

 ing, it separates as a white, crystalline mass, which 

 can be purified by pressure and by recrystallization 

 from alcohol. It occurs then in waxy, shining needles 

 or leaflets, melting at 49 C. Its specific gravity is 

 0.943 at 1 5 C. ; its melting-point is from 43 to 49 C. 

 It is only slightly soluble in ether, chloroform, and 

 carbon disulphid. It is used in the manufacture of 

 candles and in pharmaceutic preparations. See 

 Cetaceum. 



Spermacrasia {sper - mak - ra'- ze-ah) [cxepfia , seed ; 

 acrasid]. Imperfection of the semen. 



Spermagone {sper* -mag-on) [aTrepfia, seed ; yovria. 

 generation]. Same as Spermogone. 



Spermagonium {sper-mag-o' '-ne-uni) [a-epua, seed: 

 yoveia, generation: pi., Spermagonia~\. Same as Sper 

 mogonium. 



Spermalist (sper^-mal-ist). Same as Spermist. 



Spermangium {sper-man' -je-um) [a-epua, seed ; ay- 

 yelov, vessel : //. , Spermangid] . In biology, a spore- 

 case or conceptacle. 



Spermaphyte {sper'-maf-li) \a~epfxa, seed; <j>vrov, 

 plant]. Same as Spermophyte. 



Spermarium {sper-ma' '-re-uni) [orrepua, seed: pi. , 

 Spermarid]. In biology, a spermary, q. v. 



Spermary {sper* -ma-re) [a-rvEpua, seed]. The analogue 

 in the male of the ovary; i. e., the organ generating 

 the sperm-cells ; in the higher animals, called the 

 testis, or testicle. 



Spermatanergia {sper-mat-an-ur 1 -j'e-ah) [<nrep/za, seed ; 

 anergia~\. Sterility in the male. 



Spermatemphraxis {sper-mat-em-fraks' '-is) [oiripua, 

 seed ; luopat; <c, obstruction] . Obstructive spermatocele 

 of the tubules. 



Spermatheca {sper - math - e' '- kd) \a-kptia, seed; &7/07, 

 a case: pi., Spermatheca]. In biology, a receptacle 

 for spermatozoa ; specifically, a globular pouch con- 

 nected with the oviduct of the queen-bee, and which 

 receives and becomes the depository of the millions of 

 spermatozoa ejaculated during the marital flight. 



Spermathecal {sper-math-e' -kal) [a-ipfia, seed; &iktj, 

 a case]. Pertaining to a spermatheca. 



Spermatic {sper - mat' - ik) [oTrepfiaTiii6c~\. Pertaining 

 to the semen. S. Artery, a branch of the aorta sup- 

 plying the testicle. S. Canal. See Inguinal Canal. 

 S. Cones. See Cone. S. Cord, the cord of arteries, 

 veins, lymphatics, nerves and the excretory duct of the 

 testicle passing from the testicle to the internal abdom- 

 inal ring. S. Crystals, a variety of crystals formed in 

 seminal fluid after prolonged standing. See under 





