SPINAL 



1355 



SPINAL 



TABLE SHOWING THE LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION IN THE DIFFERENT 

 SEGMENTS OF THE SPINAL CORD. 



{After Starr.) 



Seg- 

 ment. 



Hand 

 III C. 



IV C. 



Muscles. 



Reflex. 



Sensation. 



Sterno - mastoid ; trapezius ; 

 scaleni and neck; diaphragm. 



Hypochondrium (?). Sudden inspiration induced by 

 sudden pressure beneath the lower border of ribs. 



Back of the head to the vertex. 

 The neck. 



Diaphragm ; deltoid ; biceps ; Pupil. Fourth to 7th cervical. Dilatation of the pupil 

 coraco-brachialis ; supinator induced by irritation of neck, 

 longus ; rhomboid ; supra- 

 spinatus and infra-spinatus. 



The neck, upper part of the 

 shoulder, and outer part of 

 the arm. 



Deltoid ; biceps ; coraco-bra- : Scapular. Fifth cervical to 1st dorsal. Irritation of 

 chialis ; supinator longus ; skin over the scapula induces contraction of the 

 supinator brevis; rhom- : scapular muscles. Supinator longus. Tapping its 

 boid ; teres minor ; pector- ' tendon at wrist induces flexion of forearm, 

 alis (clavicular part); ser- | 

 ratus magnus. 



Back of the shoulder and arm. 

 Outer side of the arm and 

 forearm, front and back. 



Biceps ; brachialis a n t i c u s ; Triceps. Sixth to 7th cervical. Tapping elbow-tendon 

 pectoralis (clavicular part) ; induces extension of forearm. Posterior wrist, 

 serratus magnus ; triceps ; j Sixth to 8th cervical. Tapping tendons causes ex- 

 extensors of wrist and: tension of hand, 

 fingers; pronators. 



Outer side of the forearm, 

 front, and back. Outer half 

 of the hand. 



Triceps (long head) ; exten- 

 sors of wrist and fingers ; 

 pronators of wrist ; flexors 

 of wrist ; subscapular ; pec- 

 toralis (costal part) ; latissi- 

 mus dorsi ; teres major. 



Anterior wrist. Tapping anterior tendons causes 

 flexion of wrist. Palmar. 7th cervical to 1st dorsal. 

 Stroking palm causes closure of fingers. 



Inner side and back of arm 

 and forearm. Radial half of 

 the hand. 



VIII C 



Flexors of wrist and fingers ; 

 intrinsic muscles of hand. 



Forearm and hand, inner half. 



I T. 



Extensors of thumb ; intrinsic 

 hand-muscles ; thenar and 

 hypothenar eminences. 



Forearm, inner half. Ulnar 

 distribution to the hand. 



II to XII Muscles of back and abdo- Epigastric. Fourth to 7th thoracic. Tickling mam- ! Skin of chest and abdomen, in 

 I men ; erectores spinae. mary region causes retraction of the epigastrium. bands running around and 



Abdominal. Seventh to nth thoracic. Stroking downward, corresponding to 

 side of abdomen causes retraction of belly. 1 spinal nerve. Upper gluteal 



j region. 



Ilio-psoas ; sartorius ; muscles Cremasteric. First to 3d lumbar. Stroking inner thigh ' Skin over the groin and front 

 of abdomen. i causes retraction of scrotum. I of the scrotum. 



Ilio-psoas ; sartorius ; flexors Patella tendon, 

 of knee (Remak) ; quadri- ' leg. 

 ceps femoris. 



Striking tendon causes extension of | Outer side of the thigh. 



Quadriceps femoris ; inner ro- 

 tators of thigh; abductors 

 of thigh. 



Front and inner side of the 

 thigh. 



Abductors of thigh ; adductors ' Gluteal. Fourth to 5th lumbar. Stroking buttock 

 of thigh ; flexors of knee j causes dimpling in fold of buttock. 

 (Ferrier) ; tibialis anticus. 



Inner side of thigh and leg, to 

 the ankle. Inner side of the 

 foot. 



L. Outward rotators of thigh ; 

 flexors of knee (Ferrier) ; 

 i flexors of ankle; extensors 

 of toes. 



Back of the thigh and leg, and 

 outer part of the foot. 



Flexors of ankle ; long flexors Plantar. Tickling sole of foot causes flexion of toes : Back of thigh. Leg and foot, 



of toes; peronei ; intrinsic and retraction of leg. Foot-reflex. Achilles' ten- outer side. Skin over sa- 



i muscles of foot; perineal don. Over-extension of foot causes rapid flexion ; crura. Anus. Perineum, 



muscles. ankle-clonus. Bladder and rectal centers. Genitals. 



pyramidal tract and the ventral ground bundle of 

 fibers. In the Dorsal Column are Goll's Column 

 (postero-median, postero-internal) and the funiculus 

 cuneatus (Burdach's Column, posterior radicular zone, 

 or postero- external column). In the Lateral Col- 

 umn are the anterolateral tract, the lateral mixed 

 paths (lateral limiting tract), the lateral or crossed 

 pyramidal tract, and the direct cerebellar tract. S. 

 Cord. Degeneration of; injury of certain parts of 

 the brain causes descending secondary degeneration of 



certain parts of the cord bearing centrifugal impulses, 

 and whose trophic centers lie in the motor areas of the 

 brain. Ascending secondary degeneration follows in- 

 jury of the cord in those fibers conducting impulses in 

 a centripetal direction, the trophic centers being prob- 

 ably in the spinal ganglia of the dorsal roots. See 

 IVallerian Zazw. S. Epilepsy, Brown-Sequard's name 

 for ankle-clonus. See also Epilepsy. S. Foramina. 

 See Foramina, Table of. S. Ganglia. See Gang- 

 lia, Table of. S. Gutter, the depression on either 



