SPINESCEXT 



acute inflammation of one or more vertebrae following 

 typhoid fever. 



Spinescent {spi-nes'-ent) [spinescere, to grow thorny]. 

 In biology, coarse, harsh, or spiny. 



Spinicerebral {spin-is-er 1 '-e-bral). See Cerebrospinal. 



Spiniferous {spi-nif '-er-us) [spina, spine ; ferre, to 

 bear]. Bearing spines. 



Spiniform {spi' -nif-orm) [spina, a thorn; forma, form]. 

 In biology, spine-like. 



Spinigerous {spi-nif -er-us). Same as Spiniferous. 



Spinirector {spi-ne-rek'-tor) [spina, spine; erector, 

 erector]. The erector spinse muscle. 



Spinitis (spi-ni'-tis). See Myelitis. 



Spinobulbar {spi-no-bid' -bar) [spina, spine ; bulbus, the 

 oblongata]. Pertaining jointly to the spinal cord and 

 the oblongata. 



Spinola {spi-no'-lah). See Spina bifida. 



Spinometer {spi-nom'-et-er). Same as Scoliosometer. 



Spinose {spi'-noz) [spinosus, full of thorns]. In bi- 

 ology, possessing thorns ; or shaped like a thorn. 



Spinous {spi'-nus) [spina, spine]. Pertaining to the 

 spine ; spiny or spiniform. S. Process, the apophy- 

 sis or prominence at the posterior part of each ver- 

 tebra. 



Spintherism, Spintherismus {spin'- ther -izm, spin- 

 ther-iz' -mus) [a-ivQtpiZ,ziv, to emit sparks]. Syn- 

 desis scintillans ; the illusory sensation of sparks 

 dancing before the eyes. 



Spintheroma {spin- ther -o f - man) [<rxiv6i]p, spark]. 

 Photopsia due to the presence of cholesterin-crystals. 



Spintheropia {spin-ther-o' -pe-ah) [o-iv&]p, spark ; dip, 

 sight]. Same, as Spintherism. 



Spinula {spin' -u-lah) [spinula, dim. of spina, a spine : 

 pl.,SpinuLs\. In biology, a little hook or spine. 



Spinulate {spin' -u-lat) [spinula, a little spine]. Pro- 



; vided with a spinula. 



Spinule {spin'-ul). Same as Spinula. 



Spinulose, Spinulous {sfiin'-u-loz, spin'-u-lus) [spina, 

 •]. Spiny; having spines. 



Spiny [spi'-ne) [spina, spine]. Full of spines. S. 

 Clotbur, the herb Xanthium spinosum, reported to be 

 a specific in hydrophobia. Its properties have not 

 baen investigated. Unof. 



Spira {spi'-rah) [L. ,a spire]. A convolution of the 

 brain ; a spiral. 



Spiracle {spi'-rak-l) [spiraculum, a breathing-hole]. In 

 biology, a respiratory aperture. 



Spiraculum {spi - rak'- u - lum) [L. , a breathing-hole : 

 //., Spiracula~\. In biology, a spiracle. 



Spiraea (spi-re'-ah). See Hardhack and Queen of the 

 low. 



Spiral {spi'-ral) [spiralis; spira, a spire]. A curve 

 with constantly increasing diameters ; wound like the 

 threads of a screw. S. Bandage. See Bandage. 

 S. Canal. See Cochlea. S., Cheese, the Spirillum 

 ;enum. Ss., Curschmann's, a form of curled and 

 tufted fibrous exudate, seen in the sputum of asthma, 



, pneumonia, etc. They are held to be pathognomonic 

 of exudative bronchiolitis. See Ss., Leyderis. S. 

 Duct, a duct whose wall has a spiral thickening on its 

 inner surface. S., Finkler and Prior's. See Spiril- 

 lum. S. Ganglion. See Ganglion. S. Groove. 

 See Sulcus spiralis. S., Herxheimer's, peculiar 

 fibers in the epidermis and the epithelium of certain 

 mucous membranes. Eddowes thinks them to be of 

 a fibrinous nature. S. Lamina. See Lamina. S. 

 Layer, the middle of the three layers of the tracheal 

 tube of an insect. Ss., Leyden's, a mesh of delicate 

 fibers usually arranged in spiral form, which are found 

 in the sputum and are the result of desquamative catar- 

 rhal inflammation. S. Tendency. See under 

 Theory. S. Tubes of Kidney. See Tubuli uriniferi. 



1357 



SPIROCHETA 



S. Vessel, a tubular structure formed by the endwise 

 coalescence of elongated cells with spiral layers of 

 thickening in their walls. 



Spiration {spi- ra' -shun). See Respiration. 



Spire (splr) [spira, a coil, twist]. In biology, a conic, 

 tapering structure, a sprout, a stalk, or the exserted 

 whorls of the shell of a spiral gasteropod mollusc. 



Spirem {spi' -rem) [spira, a coil, a twist]. In biology, 

 the " close skein," or "mother-skein " of chromatin- 

 fibrils in a cell undergoing mitotic division. The first 

 stage in karyokinesis. 



Spiricle {spi'-rik-l) [spira, a coil]. In biology, a coiled 

 thread found in the hairs on some seeds ; they uncoil 

 when dampened and give rise to a motion which tends 

 to bury the seed in the soil. 



Spiriferous {spi-rif '-er-us) [spira, a coil ; ferre, to 

 bear]. Spired; having a spire. 



Spirillum \spi-ril' -um) [spirillum, a curled hair]. A 

 genus of bacteria whose elements are curved, often 

 forming a spiral of several turns. See Bacteria, Syn- 

 onymatic Table of. S. Fever. See Relapsing Fever. 



Spirit {spir'-it) [spiritus, spirit]. In pharmacy, an al- 

 coholic or hydro-alcoholic solution of a volatile sub- 

 stance. It is prepared either by solution or by distilla- 

 tion. See Spiritus. S.-blue, S. -brown, S. -colors. 

 See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. S. Diphenyl- 

 amin-blue. Same as Bavarian Blue. S.-eosin. 

 Same as Primrose. S. of Mindererus. See Am- 

 monium. S. -proof, any liquor containing at least 49 

 per cent, of absolute alcohol. S., Rectified, spirit 

 free from fusel-oil, and containing at least S5 per cent, 

 absolute alcohol. S., Rum, a spirit distilled from fer- 

 mented alcohol. S. -vinegar. See Vinegar. S.- violet. 

 Same as Rosanilin-violet. S. of Wine. See Spiritus. 

 S. -yellow. Same as Anilin-yellmv. See Pigments, 

 Conspectus of. 



Spiritism {spir'-it -izm). See Spiritualism. 



Spiritous {spir'-it-us) [spiritus, spirit]. Alcoholic. 



Spiritualism (spir'-it-u-al-izm) [spiritus, spirit]. The 

 theory of an immaterial entity underlying or causing 

 organic phenomena, as opposed to materialism, which 

 last explains such phenomena by the operation of 

 mechanical forces. The term has been incorrectly 

 used for Spiritism, or " necromancy by the supposed 

 evocation of the spirits of the dead.' 7 



Spirituous {spir'-it-u-us) [spiritus, spirit]. Pertaining 

 to alcoholic liquors. 



Spiritus {spir'-it-us) [L.]- Spirit. In pharmacy, an 

 alcoholic mixture obtained by the distillation of wine, 

 or fermented saccharine mixtures. Good spirit should 

 contain not less than 40 per cent, of absolute alcohol. 

 There are 25 official spiriti. S. frumenti, whisker, 

 spirit obtained by the distillation of fermented grain 

 (mainly corn or rye). It should contain 44-50 per 

 cent, of alcohol. S. juniperi, gin or whiskey (rye or 

 barley) with which juniper- berries and hops have been 

 distilled. S. odoratus, cologne-water, consists of 

 alcohol 800, water 158, acetic ether 2, oil of berga- 

 mont 16, oils of lemon and rosemary aa 8, oils of lav- 

 ender-flowers and orange-flowers aa 4 parts. S. rec- 

 tor, in biology, a force exerted by the aggregate of an 

 organism over its parts, constraining newly integrated 

 atoms to take a definite form. See Nisus formativus. 

 S. vini gallici, or Spirit of Wine, brandy ; a liquor 

 obtained by the distillation of wine. It should contain 

 39-47 per cent, of alcohol. 



Spirobacterium {spi-ro-bak-te / re-um) [spira, a spiral ; 

 3aKrr/piov, bacterium]. A schizomycete in the form 

 of spiral filaments. 



Spirocheta (spi-ro-ke' -tah) [spira, a coil ; X aiT Vi a 

 bristle]. In biology, a genus of Schizomycetes , char- 

 acterized by flexible, spiral filaments. But one species 





