STAINS, ETC. 



1403 



STAINING REAGENTS 



in clove-oil 2 parts and cedar-oil 1 part. This 

 is especially recommended for salivary glands ; 

 set of cells is colored red, the other blue ; and for 

 gastric glands, in which the parietal cells stain red, 

 e central cells blue, the villous epithelium blue, the 

 let-cells reddish. In hair-follicles, the sheath of 

 enle colors red, the sheath of Huxley blue. Anilin 

 een and Bismarck Brown [List). Used in 

 same way as methyl-green and Bismarck brown, 

 yields similar results. Anilin Green and Eosin 

 kieffdrdecker, Arck. f. Mik. Anat.,xv, 1S78, p. 30). 

 a watch-glassful of alcohol add a few drops of an 

 eous solution of eosin, and stain for from l A to sev- 

 hours ; wash in water, and stain for a few minutes 

 a I per cent, aqueous solution of anilin green, rinse in 

 :er, extract in alcohol, and clear in clove-oil. This 

 bination has a special affinity for glandular and con- 

 tive tissue. Baumgarten's Fuchsin and Methy- 

 e-blue. Sections of tissue fixed in a chromic fluid 

 stained for 24 hours in a solution of from 8 to 10 

 psof a concentrated alcoholic solution of fuchsin in 

 watch-glassful of water. Rinse with alcohol, and 

 in for from 5 to 10 minutes in a concentrated aqueous 

 ution of methylene-blue ; wash out in alcohol and 

 in clove-oil. The nuclei are red, the other ele- 

 nts blue. Borax-carmin and Picrocarmin. A 

 drops of picrocarmin added to a watch-glassful of 

 enacher's alcoholic borax-carmin gives a beautiful 

 d precise double stain. Baumgarten's borax-picrocar- 

 rain is prepared by adding crystals of picric acid to 

 Grenacher's solution, until it assumes a bright-red color. 

 Carmin and Anilin Blue. Stain with carmin, dehy- 

 drate, and stain for a few minutes in an alcoholic solu- 

 tion of anilin blue. Clear with turpentine, then treat 

 with alcohol, and mount. Carmin and Methyl- 

 green (Flesc/i). Stain with picrocarmin and follow 

 with an aqueous solution of methyl -green. This stain 

 gives good differentiation. Chenzynsky's Stain. See 

 Czenzynke's Stain. Czenzynke's Double Stain. 

 Concentrated aqueous solution of methylene-blue 40 

 c.c. ,0.5 per cent, solution of eosin in 70 percent, 

 alcohol 20 c.c. , distilled water 40 c.c. This is used to 

 stain the blood, and colors the red corpuscles red, the 

 leukocytes blue ; also for the plasmodium malaria?, the 

 gonococcus, and the influenza-bacillus of Pfeiffer and 

 Canon. Dahlia and Eosin [Schiefferdecker). Use 

 in the same way as anilin green and eosin, taking a 

 I per cent, solution of dahlia. Ehrlich-Biondi- 

 Heidenhain Triple Stain. To 100 c.c. of a saturated 

 aqueous solution of orange add, with continual agita- 

 tion, 20 c.c. of a saturated, aqueous solution of acid 

 chsin and 50 c.c. of alike solution of methyl-green ; 

 ute with from 60 to loo volumes of water. A drop 

 blotting-paper should form a spot bluish-green in the 

 nter, orange at the periphery ; a red zone outside 

 orange indicates that the mixture contains too much 

 hsin. From 6 to 24 hours are required to stain. Wash 

 t in alcohol and clear in xylol. Chromatic elements 

 colored blue ; cytoplasm, violet or orange-red ; 

 oplasm the same, but in lighter tones, and all the 

 ser protoplasmic elements the same, but darker 

 ilson). The stain par excellence for photo-micro- 

 phy, except for connective tissue [Lindsay Johnson) . 

 slightly acid reaction of the alcohol used for washing 

 t will produce a relatively strong coloration by the 

 ethyl-green, while that by the fuchsin will be rela- 

 tively pale; the opposite result will be obtained if the 

 alcohol contains a trace of alkali. The addition of 

 very dilute acetic acid, until the red tint is markedly in- 



Itensified, will restore the energy of the fuchsin, which 

 is likely to decline after a time {Heidenhain \. Ehrlich- 

 Biondi Mixture. See Ehrlich- Biondi-Heidenhain 



Triple Stain. Ehrlich - Westphal Dahlia and. 

 Carmin. Partsch- Grenacher's carmin solution 100 

 c.c, glycerin 100 c.c, concentrated alcoholic solu- 

 tion of dahlia violet iooc.c, glacial acetic acid 20 c.c. 

 Nuclei are stained red, " Mastzellen " blue- violet. 

 Flemming's Safranin, Gentian, and Orange. 

 Stain in a strong alcoholic solution of safranin diluted 

 with anilin-water ; rinse in distilled water, and wash 

 out in absolute alcohol containing o. 1 per cent, of 

 hydrochloric acid ; then stain in a strong, aqueous 

 solution of gentian, wash in distilled water, treat with 

 a concentrated aqueous solution of orange, and wash in 

 absolute alcohol. The orange, by virtue of its acid 

 properties, displaces the gentian and the result is a 

 double, not a triple, stain. Chromatin and nuclei are 

 stained purple-red ; achromatin fibrils gray or violet ; 

 "attractive spheres," centrosomes. polar corpuscles, 

 and Zzinschenkorper, from reddish-violet or brownish- 

 violet to black-brown, according to the intensity of the 

 reagent. Gaule's Quadruple Stain. The object, fixed 

 in a concentrated solution of corrosive sublimate, is 

 stained successively in hematoxylin, nigrosin, eosin, 

 and safranin . According to their affinity for the different 

 stains, Gaule distinguishes hematoxylophile nucleoli, 

 or caryosoma: safranophile nucleoli, or plasmosoma, 

 and mixed nucleoli ; and those that react to both 

 hematoxylin and safranin. Genevan Double Stain. 

 Useful for staining vegetable tissue. Decolorize the 

 sections in Javelle water, and then immerse for a few 

 seconds in a slightly alcoholic and ammoniacal solu- 

 tion of Congo red 2 per cent, and chrysoidin o. 2 per 

 cent. A beautiful triple stain is obtained. Hans- 

 tein's Rosanilin-violet. Used for staining plant- 

 tissues, and composed of fuchsin and methyl- violet, 

 each 1 gm., in 100 c.c. of 90 per cent, alcohol. It 

 stains cellulose cell-walls a faint violet, lignified cell- 

 walls red. It is also useful in differentiating the 

 histologic details of bast; the fibers stain red, the 

 sieve-tubes and parenchyma scarcely at all, the proto- 

 plasm bluish-violet, the amyloid substance, gums, and 

 nuclei different shades of red, resins blue, tannin, foxy- 

 red, or brick-red (Bozoer). Hematoxylin and Safra- 

 nin. Stain feebly with dilute Delafield's hematoxylin 

 for about 24 hours, wash in water, then in acid alcohol ; 

 then stain in Pfitzner's safranin and wash out in 

 absolute alcohol {Rabl). The stains may be combined 

 in one mixture, as follows : Bohmer's hematoxylin 25 

 c.c, safranin (I per cent, aqueous and alcoholic solu- 

 tion) 20 c.c, distilled water loo c.c. From 1 to 3 

 minutes are required for staining, and before dehy- 

 drating treat the section with a weak alcoholic solution 

 of picric acid or orange. This combination is re- 

 commended for staining marrow, for the inves- 

 tigation of the development of blood (Foa). 

 Hematoxylin and Rubin and Orange. Stain in 

 Ehrlich' s hematoxylin, wash in distilled or acidulated 

 water, then in water containing a trace of an alkali, 

 and then stain in the rubin and orange [Pringle). Kos- 

 sinski's Safranin and Indigo-carmin. Stain 

 sections in a saturated aqueous solution of indigo-car- 

 min, wash in water, then in alcohol, and stain in a 

 0.5 per cent, dilute alcoholic solution of safranin. 

 Lowenthal's Sodium Picrocarmin. Dissolve 1 gm. 

 of caustic soda in 1000 c.c. of distilled water, add 

 10 gm. of carmin, boil, filter, and then add distilled 

 water to make 2000 c.c. Add gradually, as long as 

 agitation causes the ensuing turbidity to disappear, a 



1 per cent, aqueous solution of picric acid. Merkcl's 

 Carmin and Indigo-carmin. Solution a. Dissolve 



2 gm. of carmin and 8 gm. of borax in 130 c.c of 

 water, b. Dissolve 8 gm. each of indigo-carmin and 

 borax in 130 c.c. of water. When required, mix 



