SURROGATE 



1437 



SUTURE 



■s incapacitated the English cavalry service in 

 India, killing 50 per cent, of the horses. See Para- 

 sites [Animal), Table of. 



arrogate [sur'-o-gdt) [surrogalus, substituted] . Any 

 medicine or ingredient used as a substitute for another 

 and more expensive ingredient, or one to which there 

 is a special objection in any particular case, 

 jrsumduction {sur* '-sum-duk' 'shun) [sursum, upon ; 

 ducert, to lead]. The power of the two eyes of fusing 

 two images when one eye has a prism vertically be- 

 fore it. 



irvival (sur-z'i'-val) [super, over; vivere , to live] . In 

 biology, the persistence of an individual or race, after 

 the general extinction of related forms. S. of the 

 Fittest. See Selection, Natural, and Evolution. 

 isceptible [sus-sep'-tib-l) [sttscipere, to undertake]. 

 Sensitive to an influence. In pathology, liable to be- 

 come affected with a disease. 



ispended [sus-pen' -ded) [suspendere, to hang up]. I. 

 Hanging ; applied to an ovule hanging from the ovarian 

 wall, or a seed from the summit of a cell. 2. Inter- 

 rupted. S. Animation, a term sometimes applied to 

 the temporary cessation of the vital functions. It may 

 be due to asphyxia, to syncope, or to the trance-like 

 condition that closely simulates death, in which the 

 patient may remain for some hours or even days. S. 

 Matter, undissolved particles diffused throughout a 

 liquid. 



ispension { sus - pen' - shun) [suspensio ; sub, under; 

 . to hang]. The act or condition of hanging, 

 as applied to an organ or part. Also, a mode of 

 treatment of certain diseases, especially tabes dorsalis, 

 in which the patient is so placed that the whole 

 weight of the body hangs upon the neck, the head 

 ■being supported at the chin and the occiput. The 

 I stretching of the spinal cord sometimes removes the 

 morbid process in a manner at present not well under - 

 ! stood ; also, that condition of a finely divided solid in 

 which it is held undissolved in a liquid. S. -treat- 

 ment. See under Suspension. 



.ispensor [sus-pen' -sor) [suspendere, to suspend]. In 

 biology, a term applied to the chain of cells formed 

 by division of the germ cell in the embryo-sac previous 

 to the formation of the embryo. A Suspensorium. 

 See Pro-embryo. 



-ispensorium [sus-pen-so' -re-um) [sub, under ; pen- 

 dere, to hang]. That upon which anything hangs for 

 support. S. hepatis, the suspensory ligament of the 

 liver. S. testis, the cremaster muscle. S. vesicae, 

 the superior false ligament of the urinary bladder, 

 ispensory [sus-pen' -so-re) [sub, under ; pendere, to 

 hang]. Designed or useful for suspension. Suspend- 

 ing. S. Bandage, a supporting bandage for the 

 scrotum. S. Ligament. See Ligament and Zona 

 aharis. S. Ligament of the Lens. See Zonula of 

 Zinn. S. Triangle. See Triangle. 

 ispiral (sus'-pir-al) [suspirare, to breathe out]. A 

 ; breathing-hole. 



ispiration [sus-pi-ra' -shun) [suspiratio"]. A sigh, 

 ']■ -..• the act of sighing. 



ispirious [sus-pi'-re-us) [suspiriosus~\. Characterized 

 i by sighing. 



ispirium [sus -pi' -re-um) [L.: //., Suspiria~\. A sigh. 



istentacular [sus-len-tak' -u-lar) [sustentaculum, sus- 

 ' tentare, to support] . Pertaining to or serving as a 

 -sustentaculum. S. Cells, a name given to certain 

 ! supporting cells in the testicle. S. Tissue, support- 

 1 ing tissue. 



istentaculum [sus - ten - tak'- u - luni) [sustentare, to 



support], A support. S. lienis, the suspensory 

 igament of the spleen. S. tali, a process of the 



os calcis supporting the astragalus. 



Susurration ( sus - u - ra'- shun ) [susurratio ] . A mur- 

 mur, or susurrus. 



Susurrus [su-su' -rus)[\ J .\ A soft murmur in aneurysm, 

 cardiac diseases, contracting muscle, etc. S. aurium. 

 See Tinnitus aurium. 



Sutela [su-te'-lah) [L.]. To sew. See Suture. 



Sutughin's Method. A method of dressing the 

 umbilical cord. The navel, funis, and stump are pow- 

 dered with pure gypsum, and the cord is wrapped in 

 hygroscopic cotton- wool sprinkled with the same 

 powder. The dressing is changed twice daily. The 

 cord in a short time becomes mummified. 



Sutura [su-tu'-rah) [L.]. See Suture. 



Sutural [su'-tu : ral) [sutura, suture]. Pertaining to or 

 having the nature of a suture. 



Suture [su'-tur) [sutura, suture]. 1. A line of joining 

 or closure ; a seam, raphe. 2. A stitch used in clos- 

 ing the lips of a wound. S., Antiseptic, the material 

 used has been made aseptic by boiling, or by some 

 other germicidal measure. S., Appolito's, a con- 

 tinued Gely's suture. S. of Apposition, a super- 

 ficial suture, including only the skin, and employed to 

 secure accurate apposition of the margins of the latter. 

 S. of Approximation, one which is passed deeply- 

 through the lips of a wound to secure apposition of the 

 deeper tissues. S., Base-ball, a continuous suture all 

 around the wound. It has been employed in complete 

 division of the intestine. S., Beaiard's, a modification 

 of S., BertrandVs. The needle is threaded with a white 

 and a colored thread ; in withdrawing the suture the 

 white thread is withdrawn from one end and the 

 colored thread from the other. S., Bell's (£■■), a 

 modification of the glovers' suture, in which the 

 needle is passed from within out alternately on the two 

 sides of the wound. S., Bertrandi's, a points 

 passis; a continuous suture passed through and through, 

 back and forth. S., Bishop's, an interrupted in- 

 testinal suture introduced on the mucous surface of 

 the bowei, and the knots tied alternately on each side 

 of the wound. S., Bouisson's [intestinal), five 

 pins are passed in and out on each side of the wound, 

 which is closed by drawing the pins together by 

 sutures introduced in the intervals. S., Bozeman's, 

 or Bozeman's Button. See S., Button. S., 

 Breidenbach's, Lembert sutures tied in the lumen of 

 the bowel. S., Buried, a suture employed to ap- 

 proximate structures in the depths of wounds, the 

 superficial tissues being brought together over them. 

 Buried sutures are completely covered by skin and do 

 not involve this structure at all. S., Button, the use 

 of button-like discs to prevent the thread from cutting 

 through the tissues and to bring large masses in 

 better apposition. S., Catgut, a suture in which the 

 material employed is catgut. S., Circular, one that 

 is applied to the entire circumference of a divided 

 organ, as the intestine. S., Circumvoluted. See 

 S., Twisted. S., Clamp, the shotted suture of Sims. 

 S., Clavate. See S., Quilled. S. of Coaptation. See 

 S. of Apposition. S., Cobblers', a suture made by 

 arming a needle with two threads. S., Compound. 

 See S., Quilled. S., Connell's, one for uniting 

 intestine after circular resection. About half the 

 lumen of the bowel is united by stitching through all 

 the coats of both ends, from the mucous surface, back 

 and forth. The remaining portion is closed by con- 

 tinuous sutures, which are passed parallel with the 

 margins of the wound and carried across the latter. 

 S., Continued, or Glovers', one composed of a 

 number of interrupted sutures, which are not cut 

 apart. S., Cranial, the line of union of two or more 

 cranial bones. There are three sets of cranial 

 sutures: those at the base of the skull, those at the 



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