SYPHILIDIATRIA 



1450 



SYPHILIS 





limited to the palms and soles, but may be widely 

 spread. The contents seldom remain clear long. S., 

 Pigmentary, Syphilitic Leukoderma ; most common 

 from the sixth to the twelfth month of the disease. It is 

 rather a rare condition, but is seen much more fre- 

 quently in women than in men, and in brunets than 

 in fair women. Its seat is chiefly on the neck, 

 especially at the sides and back; it may occasionally 

 be seen on the face, chest, or flank. The lesions are 

 irregularly margined, round or oval spots, from an 

 eighth to one inch in diameter, well-defined or ill- 

 defined, with a yellowish-brown color. They may be 

 discrete or confluent. They last from two months to 

 several years, or may be permanent. S., Pustular, 

 the termination occasionally of the vesicular syphilid. 

 The contents become purulent, a crust forms, ulcer- 

 ation may go on under it, and a pigmented depression 

 or scar is left. S., Rupial, one of the most character- 

 istic syphilids occurring in the second and third years 

 of the disease, and associated with profound cachexia. 

 The lesion is the characteristic stratified, conic, limpet- 

 shell crust, which on removal leaves a sharply 

 punched-out ulcer, shelving toward the center. These 

 lesions are usually few in number, and on the limbs. 

 S., Squamous. See Syphiloderma papulo-squamo- 

 sum. S. f Tubercular. See S., Nodular. S., 

 Varicelliform, a form of vesicular syphilid in 

 which the vesicles may be either convex or umbili- 

 cated, and their contents cloudy. They are situated 

 on a slightly raised plateau, of the usual dull-red 

 color. After a few days the vesicles dry into thick, 

 adherent crusts of a greenish-black color. The course 

 is slow. S., Varioliform, a slight modification of the 

 varicelliform, causing the lesion to resemble the vario- 

 lous eruption. S., Vesicular, an early skin-eruption 

 of syphilis, appearing in the first six months. It may be 

 small (very rare) or large. The lesions of the latter 

 are grouped [herpetiform syphilid') in irregular, circin- 

 ate, or serpiginous forms. The vesicles have a deep-red 

 base, rupture at the end of a week, and dry up. They 

 are common on the face, limbs, and trunk. 



Syphilidiatria {sif-il-id-e-a' '-tre-ah) [syphilis, syphilis ; 

 larpnia, treatment]. The medicinal treatment of syph- 

 ilis. 



Syphilidocolpitis (sif-il-id-o-kol-pi' -tis) [syphilis, syph- 

 ilis ; k6"K.ttoc, vagina; trig, inflammation]. Syphilitic 

 inflammation of the vagina. 



Syphilidography (sif-il-id-og' -ra-fe). See Syphilogra- 

 phy. 



Syphilidology [sif-il-id-ol f -o-je). See Syphilology. 



Syphilidomania (sif-il-id-o-ma'-ne-ah). See Syphilo- 

 mania. 



Syphilidophobia {sif-il-id-o-fo'-be-ah). See Syphilo- 

 phobia. 



Syphilidophthalmia {sif-il-id-off-thal' '-me-ah) [syphilis, 

 syphilis: 6<j>6aX/i6g, eye] . Syphilitic ophthalmia. 



Syphilifer {sif'-il-if-er) [syphilis, syphilis]. One who 

 conveys syphilis. 



Syphiliphobia [sif-il-if-o'-be-ah). .See Syphilophobia. 



Syphilis [sif'-il-is) [syphilis, syphilis]. A chronic, in- 

 fectious disease believed to be due to a specific organ- 

 ism and characterized by a variety of structural lesions 

 of which the chancre, the mucous patch, and the 

 gumma are the most distinctive. A bacillus has been 

 found in the lesions by Lustgarten and others, but 

 whether it is the real cause or not has not been defi- 

 nitely determined. The disease is generally acquired 

 in sexual congress, hence its earliest manifestations 

 appear upon the genital organs, but any abraded surface 

 of the body, if brought in contact with the syphilitic 

 poison, may give entrance to the infection. The earliest 

 lesion of acquired syphilis is the chancre, initial sclero- 



sis, ox primary sore, which appears after a period of incu- 

 bation varying from two to three weeks. It is usually a 

 reddish-brown papule with an ulcerated central spot, and 

 has a slight serous or purulent discharge. Taken between 

 the fingers.it is found to have a peculiar cartilaginous 

 hardness. Microscopically it consists of an accumulation 

 of round cells, epithelioid cells, with, perhaps, a giant- 

 cell here and there. The blood-vessels present a hyper- 

 plasia of the intima, to which in part the induration of 

 the chancre is due. Very soon after the appearance of 

 fhe chancre the nearest lymphatic glands become en- 

 larged and indurated — the indolent buboes of syphilis. 

 The chancre is generally solitary and is not auto-inocu- 

 lable. The mucous patch, condyloma latum, moist 

 papule, or mucous tubercle is located upon mucous 

 membranes, at muco-cutaneous junctions, or where 

 two skin-surfaces are in habitual contact. It is a flat. 

 scarcely elevated patch, on mucous membranes gener- 

 ally covered by a whitish pellicle. Under the micro- 

 scope we find a round-cell infiltration of the upper 

 layers of the corium, some of the round cells pene- 

 trating between the cells of the epidermis. There is 

 also a considerable quantity of fluid exudate, which in- 

 filtrates and loosens the epithelial elements. The 

 gumma or gummy tumor is a rounded nodule, varying 

 in size from the dimensions of a pea to those of a 

 small apple. Its favorite seats are the periosteum of 

 flat bones, the membranes of the brain, the liver, 

 spleen, and testicle. It is usually soft and contains 

 in its interior a gelatinous "gummy" material. Radi- 

 ating from and into it are bands of connective tissue ; 

 sometimes the latter forms a distinct capsule about 

 the gumma. Histologically, it presents a cellular ac- 

 cumulation and some new blood-vessels, which, how- 

 ever, are inadequate for the nutrition of the newly 

 formed tissue, hence its degeneration. In the viscera 

 gummata are, as a rule, absorbed, their former sites 

 being marked by stellate cicatrices. Another import- 

 ant though not distinctive lesion produced by syphilis 

 is a diffuse sclerosis of the blood-vessels, especially oi 

 the parenchymatous organs. The cutaneous eruptions 

 have histologically nothing peculiar — they are in flam- 

 matory lesions. The clinical course of syphilis i- 

 generally divided into three stages : the primary, char 

 acterized by the presence of the chancre and the indo- 

 lent bubo ; the secondary, by the mucous patch, cu 

 taneous eruptions, sore throat, and general enlargement 

 of the lymphatic glands ; the tertiary, by the gumma 

 and by severe skin-lesions. Between the appearance 

 of the chancre and the secondary manifestation! a 

 period of six weeks usually elapses. The tertiary phe- 

 nomena follow the secondary after a stage <>t quies- 

 cence of variable length. The tertiary legion- 

 most destructive, but are, fortunately, rani now than in 

 former times. Syphilis also bears an important, hut 

 as yet obscure, relation to certain disea-.es ol tin 

 vous system, such as locomotor ataxy and paretic <le 

 mentia. Although very wide spread, syphilis 1 

 contagious in the ordinary sense of the word. 1 nfc< 

 generally proceeds from a chancre or from a tin. 

 patch ; it may be conveyed by the blood. < >ne at) 

 as a rule confers immunity. S., Benign, syphili 

 which the symptoms are mild. S. brephotrophica. 

 syphilis spread among infants and those i 

 their care (lmlkley). S., Congenital, sy| 

 present at birth. S., Constitutional, syphilis chai 

 terized by general manifestations. See S., & 

 S., Cutaneous. See Syphilodertna. S. e coitu 

 illicito. See S. pravoruvt. S. e coitu legitime 

 See S., Marital. S., Encephalic, syphilis of the 

 brain. S. endemica. See S. pattdemica. S. 

 epidermica. See S. pattdemica. S., Equine, 



