intestinal disorders. The coating consists of desqua- 

 mated epithelium, fungi, bacteria, and debris of these. 

 T. -compressor, a clamp for holding down the tongue 

 during dental operations. T.-depressor, a spatula 



TONGUE 



Muscles of Tongue, Superficial Layer. 

 Styloglossus. 2. Inferior fibers of stylo-glossus. 3. An- 

 terior fibers of hyo-glossus or basio-glossus. 4. Posterior 

 fibers. 5. Accessory' fibers. 6. Genio-hyoid. 7. Genio- 

 glossus. 8. Inferior lingual. 9. Palato-glossus. 10. Upper 

 portion of pharyngo-glossus (from superior constrictor of 

 pharynx). 11, 11. Inferior portion. 12, 12. Middle constric- 



pharynx. 13. Stylo-pharyngeus. 14. Stylo-hyoid liga- 

 ment and stylohyoid muscle. 



ushing down the tongue during the examination, or 

 the surgery, of the mouth and throat. T., Dotted. 

 T. , Stippled. T., Dry, one the surface of which is 

 The condition is seen in the low fevers. T., 

 Earthy, a tongue upon which dry, rough layers of cal- 

 eous matter are deposited. T., Fern-leaf Pattern, a 

 ne given by Hutchinson to a tongue presenting a well- 

 ^ed central furrow 1 midrib) with lateral branches, 

 condition is due to hypertrophy of the papillae. T., 

 Filmy, one with whitish 

 symmetrical patches on 

 h sides of the tongue, 

 usually larger on one 

 e than on the other. 

 -e are slightly firmer 

 1 the surrounding tis- 

 . and consist of round- 

 nliform papillae, which 

 tdued together by a 

 ilmy, white material. T., 

 Furred, a coated tongue 

 A which the papilla; are 

 3 r o in i n e n t. giving the 

 nucous membrane the ap- 

 pearance of a whitish fur. 

 T.. Geographic, one with 

 alized thickening of the 

 nelium of the lingual 

 nucous membrane. This 

 en in leukoplakia and 

 ;ives to the surface of the 



Ioogue the appearance of 

 ■ geographic chart. T., 

 iairy, one with a hy- 

 •erplasia of its papilke, 

 iving rise to hair-like pro- 

 actions from their tips, 

 "older. See T.-depressor. 

 T tongue that cannot 

 specially in typhu- fever. 



Thr Tongue. 



1. Papillae circumvallatae. 2. 



Papillae fungifortnes. 



See also T, Black. T.- 

 T., Parrot, a shriveled, 



be protruded ; it is seen 

 T., Plastered, a tongue 



1523 TONSIL 



covered by an abundant, thick coat. T., Post-tip of, 

 that portion of the dorsum of the tongue which ex- 

 tends from the tip for about an inch, and is usually dis- 

 tinguished by a median, linear depression when the 

 tongue is at rest. T., Pre-base of, that region 

 of the dorsum of the tongue which lies in advance 

 of the base and is included between the circum- 

 vallate papillae and the end of the linear groove of 

 the post-tip. It is often furnished in the center 

 with an oval clump of coarse papillae. T., Shaggy, 

 a furred tongue of which the papillae are much 

 elongated. T., Split, Synonym of T, Bifid. T., 

 Stippled, one the papillae of which are distinct 

 and separate and covered by a whitish patch of 

 epithelium. T., Strawberry, a hyperemic tongue 

 of which the fungiform papillae are very promi- 

 nent; it is seen especially in scarlet fever. T.- 

 swallowing, a condition in which there is an 

 abnormal mobility of the tongue, so that it will 

 slip or fall backward, giving rise to the danger of 

 suffocation. T.-tie, a congenital shortening of 

 the frenum of the tongue, interfering with its 

 mobility ; ankyloglossia. T.-tied, affected with 

 tongue-tie. T., Tip of, the hem which unites the 

 two borders. It extends from the anterior end of 

 the tongue only a short distance backward. T., 

 Triangle, the triangular or wedge-shaped red arch at 

 the tip of the otherwise coated tongue in typhoid 

 fever. T., Wooden, one the seat of actinomycosis. 

 Tonguelet (tung'-let). Same as Pentastoma. 

 Tonic (ton'-ik) [roviKog; ~6vog, tone]. I. Invigorating, 

 or strengthening the economy ; bracing, or strengthen- 

 ing. 2. Characterized by continuous tension ; not clonic. 

 3. A medicine or agent which promotes nutrition and 

 gives tone to the system. T. Spasm, the continued, 

 rigid contraction of a muscle or muscles. T. Treat- 

 ment : 1. Treatment of diseases by tonics, as, e.g., 

 of rheumatism, by iron and remedies of the group of 

 tonics. 2. The continuous treatment of syphilis by 

 the use of the protoiodid of mercury for two or three 

 years. The dose is '4 grain after each meal, gradu- 

 ally increased until there are positive evidences of 

 intestinal irritation, when the dose is cut down to the 

 initial one, and that maintained for a time. 

 Tonicity (ton-is' -it-e') \j6vog, tone]. The condition of 



tissues or organs in regard to tone or tension. 

 Tonka, or Tonka Bean (tong'-kah) \tonca, the name 

 of the bean in Guiana]. The fragrant seed of Dip- 

 teryx odorata, a tree of S. America; it abounds in 

 coumarin. 

 Tonogram (ton'- o -grain) \r6vog, tone ; ypabtiv, to 



write]. A record made by a tonograph. 

 Tonograph (ton' -o-graf) [rovog, tension ; ypaotiv, to 

 write]. A machine for recording the tension of the 

 arterial blood-current. 

 Tonometer (ton-om'-et-er) [rovog, tone, tension ; uerpov, 

 measure]. An instrument to measure the tension of 

 the eyeball. 

 Tonomittor (lon-o-mit'-or) [rovog, tone ; mittere, to 



send]. An instrument to improve the hearing. 

 Tonopsychagogia (ton-o-si-kag-o* -je-ah) [rovog, vigor; 

 Tfwxq, mind ; ayuyog, leading]. Restoration of men- 

 tal vigor. 

 Tonsil (ton'-sil) [tonsilla, tonsil]. A small, almond- 

 shaped body, situated one on each side of the fauces, 

 between the anterior and posterior pillars of the soft 

 palate. It is a compound lymphatic gland, consisting 

 of an aggregation of from ten to eighteen lymph- folli- 

 cles. It is covered by epithelium, which also dips into 

 the depressions or crypts. T. of Cerebellum. See 

 Tonsilla and Amygdala. T., Faucial. See Tonsil. 

 T.-guiilotine. See Guillotine. T., Lingual, an 



