URINARY SEDIMENTS 1579 URINARY SEDIMENTS 



TABLE OF URINARY SEDIMENTS. — Continued. 



Gross Appear- 

 | ances and 

 Characters. 



Microscopic 

 Features. 



Tests. 



Illustrations. 

 Significance. {After Tyson, Casselman, Landois, 

 Beale, and von Jaksch.) 



Pus. 



Compact, thick, Degenerated leu- 

 viscid sedi- kocytes. 

 ment ; urine 

 acid or alka- 

 line. 



See Leucin. 



I of sodi- 

 ammon- 

 ium. and po- 

 tassium. 

 (The illustra- 

 tion is of am- 

 monium ur- 



' Brick- dust " 

 deposit, the 

 color due to 

 the color of 

 the urine. 

 Dis solved 

 and cleared 

 by heating. 

 Urine acid ; 

 s o m e t imes 

 alkaline. 



The dark-red 

 color of pus- 

 c o r p uscles 

 o n adding 

 iodo - potas- 

 sic-iodid so- 

 lution. 



In acid urine, with 

 uric acid and no 

 mucus : pyelitis ; 

 or alkaline urine 

 with triple phos- 

 phates : cystitis. 





-® e®. 



«r* 



.© 





m 





T & 



Amorphous gran- 

 u 1 e s . Ammo- 

 nium urate ap- 

 pears as spheric 

 cry stals sur- 

 rounded by spic- 

 ules — "hed ge- 

 hog crystals." 



Dissolved b y 

 heat or on 

 adding acids. 



Lithemic and rheu- 

 matic diathesis. 

 Fever. Ammon- 

 ium urate occurs 

 when an acid 

 urine is under- 

 going alkaline 

 fermentation. 



Small grains. Crystals of van- The crystals 



resembling 

 red pepper; 

 urine acid. 



ous shapes 

 colored brown- 

 ish-red by the 

 urinary pig- 

 ments. The com- 

 monest form 

 resembles a 

 whetstone. 



dissolve 

 caustic pot- 

 ash. The 

 murexid-test 

 produces a 

 purple color. 



Lithemic or rheu- 

 matic diathesis. 



Xanthin. 



Not distinct- 

 ive ; urine 

 acid; very 

 rare. 



'Whetstone' 

 crystals. 



Insoluble i n 

 acetic acid ; 

 soluble i n 

 ammonia. 



Xanthin-stone in 

 the kidney. 



H. Bence Jones once found this sub- 

 stance in the urine of a lad who had 

 three years previously exhibited the 

 symptoms of renal colic. It was seen 

 in the sediment in the form of whet- 

 stone crystals, which were insoluble 

 in acetic acid and soluble in ammo- 

 nia (thus distinguished from uric 

 acid). — Von Jaksch. 



rinate {u'-rin-at) \urina, urine]. To evacuate urine 

 from the bladder. 

 Urination (u-rin-a' -shun) \jtrina, urine; uiinare, to 

 urinate]. The act of voiding urine. 



-rin) [urina, urine]. The excretion of the 

 leys. The urine in health has an amber color, a 

 htlv acid reaction, a faint odor, a saline taste, 

 specific gravity of about 1018. The average 

 intity excreted in 24 hours, in health, is about three 

 its. The constitution and the amount of the urine 

 modified considerably by the food and drink taken, 

 by drugs, temperature, occupation, etc. U., 

 emic, the urine in anemia. U., Black, urine con- 

 ing melanin. U., Chylous, a milky urine due to the 

 presence of fat or chyle. U., Diabetic, urine passed 

 in diabetes, containing glucose. U., Dyspeptic, the 

 me of a dyspeptic patient. It often contains 

 stals of calcium oxalate. U., Gouty, urine scanty 

 amount, highly colored, and containing an excess 

 uric acid. U., Incontinence of, inability to retain 

 ie urine. See Enuresis. U., Mucilaginous, urine 

 containing a large amount of mucus. U., Nebulous, 

 urine cloudy from earthy phosphates. U., Residual, 

 urine that remains in the bladder after urination in 

 prostatic hypertrophy and in cystic disease. U., Re- 



in c 



I 





tention of. Inability to pass the urine. See Ischu- 

 ria. U., Suppression of. See Ischuria. U., Tests 

 for Serum-albumin in. From a series of experi- 

 ments with mucoid nucleo-albumin (so-called mucin), 

 Dr. D. D. Stewart concludes that the old-fashioned 

 heat-test is the only reliable one for the recognition 

 of serum-albumin in the urine, but that no depend- 

 ence can be placed on a reaction occurring while the 

 urine is cooling if an acid has been added to assist 

 in the precipitation of serum-albumin or to maintain 

 phosphates in solution. This author also asserts that 

 metaphosphoric acid is untrustworthy as a serum- 

 albumin test, on account of reacting to traces of so- 

 called mucin in a manner indistinguishable from the 

 serum-albumin reaction. Trichloracetic acid is also 

 so delicate a reagent for the detection of albumin, 

 that, by it, a normal, constant trace of albumin is 

 proved. With careful technique, an albumin -reaction 

 occurs with all cold urines, either instantly or within a 

 few moments after contact, and this reaction may be 

 made to appear almost instantly in any normal, unfil- 

 tered, clear urine, if the test tube is placed for a short 

 time in water at the boiling point. So extraordinarily 

 sensitive is this reagent that it gives an albumin-ring 

 with distilled water which has been passed through 



