ABBREVIATIONS 



ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OTOLOGY. 



Applied to or in contact with Auricle. 



A. C Air-conduction. 



A. D Auris dextra — Right Ear. 



A. S Auris sinistra — Left Ear. 



3. C Bone-conduction. 



- Contact. 



Denies — applied to Teeth. 



Tuning-fork. 



r/. Glabella— applied to Forehead. 



Hearing Power. 



. . . Left Ear 



Applied to Mastoid. 



Meat Aud. Ext. ; 



M. E External Auditory Meatus. 



Meat. Aud. Int ; 



M.I Internal Auditory Meatus. 



Men. dis Meniere"s disease. 



M. flac Membranaflaccida;ShrapnelPs membrane. 



M. T. : Mt. . . Membrana tympani. 



Myring Myringitis. 



3 Complete Lack of Perception of Sound. 



>t. ext. ac Otitis externa acuta. 



ot. ext. chron. . . Otitis externa chronica. 



ot. ext. diff. . . . Otitis externa diffusa. 



ot. med. sup. ac. . Otitis media suppurativa acuta. 



ot. med. sup. 



chron Otitis media suppurativa chronica. 



Pol Politzer's. 



Pol. Ac Politzer's Acoumeter. 



R Right Ear. 



S Susurrus — a Whisper. 



/ Applied to Temple. 



Tymp Tympanum. 



ub Unique — when applied at all points. 



v Voice. 



V Applied to Vertex. 



vib Vibration. 



z Applied to Zygoma 



' Foot. 



" Inches. 



oo Heard, but not Understood. 



— R Rinne's Test Positive. 



— R Rinne's Test Negative. 



ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS. 



V.. or An Anode. 



Vmp Ampere. 



\.C Anodal Closing. 



\. C. C Anodal Closure Contraction. 



\. C. O Anodal Closing Odor. 



A. C. P Anodal Closing Picture. 



A. C. S Anodal Closing Sound. 



A. D Anodal Duration. 



A. D. C Anodal Duration Contraction. 



\. M Ampere-meter. 



A. O Anodal Opening. 



A. O. C Anodal Opening Contraction. 



\. O. O Anodal Opening Odor. 



!A. 0. P Anodal Opening Picture. 

 *\. O. S Anodal Opening Sound. 

 j Magnetic Induction. 



3. A. U British Association Unit. 



2 Centigrade : Current ; Cathode. 



:. C Cathodal Closure. 



I. C. C Cathodal Closure Contraction. 



p. C.'C." Various Degrees of Contraction. 



:. C. T Cathodal Closing Tetanus. 



I. G. S. Units. . . Centimeter-gram-second Units. 



I- O Cathodal Opening. 



-. 0. C Cathodal Opening Contraction. 



• S Current-strength. 



» Duration ; Density. 



>t. R Reaction of Degeneration. 



...... Earth ; Electromotive Force. 



. M. D. P. . . . Electromotive Difference of Potential. 



M. F Electromotive Force. 



" • M Field Magnet. 



I Horizontal Intensity of the Earth's Mag- 

 netism ; One Unit of Self-induction. 



H Intensity of Magnetic Force. 



i I Intensity of Magnetism. 



• Joule. 



Electrostatic Capacity. 



Kathode. 



Kl Klang (sound). 



K. C Kathodal Closing. 



K. C. C Kathodal Closing Contraction. 



K. C. T Kathodal Closing Tetanus. 



K. D Kathodal Duration (or Period of Closure of 



Circuit). 



K. D. C Kathodal Duration Contraction. 



K. D. T Kathodal Duration Tetanus. 



K. W Kilo-watt. 



L- Inductance (Coefficient of); Length. 



M Strength of Pole. 



Ma MilliampeTe. 



Mfd Microfarad. 



N North Pole. 



O Opening of Circuit. 



P. D Potential Difference. 



Q Electric Quantity. 



R Ohmic Resistance. 



S South Pole. 



T Time. 



Te Tetanic Contraction. 



U Unit. 



V Volume ; Velocitv. 



v Volt. 



V. A Voltaic Alternative. 



V. M Volt-meter. 



W Work: Weight: Watt. 



Z Contraction (Zuckung). 



Z.Z.'Z." Increasing Strengths of Contraction. 



«c Magnetic Susceptibility. 



ft Magnetic Permeability. 



w Ohm. 



n Specific Resistance. 



O Megohm (one-millionth part of an ohm). 



H H Battery. 



+ Anode or Positive Pole. 



— Kathode or Negative Pole. 



> . Greater than, as K > A. 



< Less than. 



PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY. 



indicates the group N*H ; . 



diazo-. and hydrazo- indicate compounds in which nitro- 

 gen atoms are linked in various ways, 

 is applied as a prefix to signifv two. 



- indicates the group NH. 



t- indicates the molecule CO in certain structural re- 

 lations. 



m- is employed as a prefix to signify one. 



tro- indicates the group NO«. 



nt- is applied as a prefix to signify Jive. 



*- denotes in a rather vague sense an indefinitely large 

 amount of the body to which it is prefixed, or to which 

 it is referred. 



•qui- indicates the proportion of two to three. 

 - is employed in a rather vague sense to indicate defi- 

 ciency of the body to which it is prefixed. 



tr- is applied as a prefix to signify four. 



ik>- indicates sulphur, especially replacing oxygen. 



*\ (sometimes " ter-') is applied as a prefix to signify three. 



1 indicates aldehydic structure. 



Misapplied to a class of bodies related to the starch and 

 .sugar group. 



"e indicates a saturated hydrocarbon. 

 •** indicates an enzyme, or non-organized ferment, e.g., dias- 



■"- iiiuimn 



tase. This termination is at present restricted gener- 

 ally to enzymes of vegetable origin, but it should also be 

 used with animal enzymes — which, however, usually end 

 in "in." It would thus be better to say pepsase and 

 trypsase, rather than pepsin and trypsin. 



-ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying any salt formed 

 by an acid acting on a base ; e. g., sulphate, phosphate. 



-ic denotes the higher of two valencies assumed by an element, 

 and incidentally in many cases a larger amount of oxy- 

 gen. 



-in is of no precise significance, and is mostly applied to bodies 

 the structure of which is not yet known. 



-yl. -ene, -enyl, and -ine indicate hydrocarbons. According 

 to the American system of orthography, the only case in 

 which "ine" is used is as a termination for a series of 

 hydrocarbons, beginning with Ethine, OH.. English 

 writers and some American chemists use it to signify basic 

 properties, regarding -in as the proper term for non-basic 

 bodies. They thus distinguish between salicin, which 

 forms no salts* with acids, and morphin (which under such 

 system is spelled " morphine"), which does. It must be 

 noted that such methods are not in accordance with the 

 tendency of modern chemic nomenclature, which seeks 

 to express structure, not properties. The organic bases 



