Xll 



ABBREVIATIONS 



or alkaloids are not all of the same type, and when 

 their structure is elucidated systematic names will be 

 found for them. Until then there is no particular gain 

 in indicating them as a group. 



-id is similar to " in." 



-ol indicates alcoholic structure, i. e., presence of the group 

 HO ihydroxyl), e. g., alcohol, glycerol, phenol. 



-one is applied to bodies related to the starches and sugars. 

 It is, however, not used with this significance in "pep- 



tone," which word is not formed according to any estab- 

 lished system. 



-ose indicates a carbohydrate, e. g., glucose, although it is 

 also occasionally applied to the results of digestion of 

 proteids, e.g., albumose. 



-ous denotes the lower of two degrees of valency assumed 

 by an element and incidentally indicates, in many cases, 

 a small amount of oxygen. 



The word sulphonic indicates the group HSO3 



ABBREVIATIONS USED IN HYGIENE AND SANITARY LAW. 



Advt. 



A. O. . 

 a. p. . 



B. H. 



B. L. . 



C. A. . 

 C. C. . 

 C. G S. 

 C. O. . 

 C. P. . 

 C. P. . 

 c. p. . 

 C. Q. S. 



C. S. . 

 •C. S.J. 



D. I. D. 

 D. O. 

 D. P. . 



d.p. 



e. c. 



F. M. 



G. O. 

 I. . 

 I. A. 

 I. D. 

 I. P. 

 I. S. 



J- P. 

 L. A. 

 L. 



L. 

 L. 



L. 

 L. 



M. 



B. . . 



C. C. 

 E. . 

 G. B. 

 S. A. 

 A. B. 



M. A. M. 



A. A 



C. B. A. . 

 CD. (A.) A. 



C. L. H. A. 



D. C. M. O. . 



F. W. A. . 

 H. W. C. A. 

 I. D. (N.) A. 

 I. D. (P.) A. 

 L. C. (C.) A. 

 L. G. A. . . 



. Advertisement. M. M. . 



. Abatement Order. M. O. 



. Ashpit. M. O. H. 



. Board of Health. N. O. . 



. By-Law or By-Laws. O. . . . 



. Confirming Authority. O. C. . . 



. County Council. O. R. . . 



. Court of General Sessions. p. ... 



. Closing Order. P. A. 



. Contributory Place. P. C. 



. Cattle-plague. P. I. E. 



. Cesspits. P. O. . . 



. Court of Quarter Sessions. Prov. O. 



. Commissioners of Sewers. P. P. . . 



. Court of Summary Jurisdiction. P. S. A. 



. Dangerous Infectious Disease. P. S. C. . 



. Demolition Order. Q. S. . . 

 . Daily Penalty; < not exceeding; > not R. A. . . 



less than. R. D. 



. Dungpit. Rg. . . . 



. Earth-closet. R. P. C. 



. Foot and Mouth Disease. R. S. A. 



. General Order. R. S. D. 



. Inspector. S. A. . . 



. Infected Area. s. c. 



. Infectious Disease. S. I. . . 



. Infected Place. S. O. 



. Improvement Scheme. S. S. . . 



. Justice of the Peace. U. A. 



. Local Authority. U. D 



. Local Board. U. H 

 . London County Council. ■ U. S. A. 



. Local Enquiry. U. S. D. 



. Local Government Board. V. I. . 



. Local Sanitary Authority. w. c. 



. Metropolitan Asylums' Boards. W. Co. 



. Metropolitan Asylums' Managers. W. W. 



H. 



. Medical Man. 



. Medical Officer. 



. Medical Officer of Health. 



. Nuisance Order. 



. Owner ; Occupier. 



. Order in Council.- 



. Official Representation. 



. Privy. 



. Public Analyst. 



. Privy Council. 



. Private Improvement Expenses. 



. Prevention Order. 



. Provisional Order. 



. Pleuro-Pneumonia. 



. Port Sanitary Authority. 



. Petty Sessional Court. 



. Quarter Sessions. 



. Rural Authority. 



. Rural District. 



. Regulations. 



. Rivers-pollution Commission. 



. Rural Sanitary Authority. 



. Rural Sanitary District. 



. Sanitary Authority 



. Sanitary Convenience. 



. Sanitary Inspector. 



. Special Order. 



. Secretary of State. 



. Urban Authority; Unhealthy Area. 



. Urban District. 



. Unfit for Human Habitation. 



. Urban Sanitary Authority. 



. Urban Sanitary District. 



. Veterinary Inspector. 



. Water-closet. 



. Water Company. 



. Water Works. 



ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR ACTS OF PARLIAMENT. 



Alkali Acts, 1863, 1874 (Consolidated), 1881. M. L. M. A. 



Canal Boats Acts, 1877-84. M. W. C. A. 



Contagious Diseases (Animal) Act, 1878. P. H. A. . . 



Common Lodging Houses Act, 1851, etc. P. H. (A.) A. 



Dairv, Cowshed, and Milk Shop Order, P. H. (I.) A. 



1885-6. P. H. (L.) A. 



Factories and Workshop Act, 1878. P. H. (S.) A. 



Housing of Working Classes Act, 1890. P. H. (W.) A 



Infectious Diseases 'Notification) Act, 1889. P. W. L. A. 



" " (Prevention) Act. 1890. R. P. A. . . 



Land Clauses (Consolidation) Acts, 1845. S. F. D. A. . 



Local Government Act, 1888. S. J. A. . . . 



Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855. 



" Water Companies Act, 1871. 



Public Health (England) Act, 1875. 



" " (Amendt.) " 1890. 



" " (Ireland) 



" " (London) 



" " (Scotland) 



(Water) " 187S 

 Public Works Loans Act, 1879. 

 Rivers Pollution Act, 1876 

 Sale of Food and Drugs Act, [87$ 

 Summary Jurisdiction Act. 



1891. 

 1867. 



SIGNS ABBREVIATIONS, ETC., USED IN DESCRIPTIVE ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. 



o Feet. 



' Inches. 



" Lines; each one-twelfth of an inch, or about 



two millimeters. 



1 A mark of affirmation or authentication. 



? A mark of doubt. 



- Figures or words separated by a short dash 



indicate the extremes of variation, as 

 5-10" lone;, few-many flowered; /'. <-., 

 varying from 5 to 10 lines in length, and 

 with few to many flowers. 



c.c Cubic centimeter. 



cm Centimeter. 



mm Millimeter. 



H The Micron, Micromillimeter, or unit of 



Microscopic Measurement. For conven- 

 ience of reference, the following table of 

 comparative measurements is given: — 



ix Inches. fx Inches. Inches. 



1 000039 6 000236 



a 000079 7 000276 



3 0001 18 8 000315 



4 000157 9 000354 



5 000197 I0 000394 



tbAob .... 2-5399 



tiAib 2.S-3997 



T«n 253-9972 



One Meter . 39.370432 in. 



X Used to express magnification,.! 



indicates a magnification of 1000 1 

 ters. The improper fraction J( Y" 

 cates the same thing, but is rarel) u 



(D An annual Herb. 



<£) A biennial Herb. 



If. A perennial Herb. 



& An Undershrub, deciduous. 



ID An Undershrub, evergreen. 



Z> A Shrub, deciduous. 



5 A Shrub, evergreen. 



*> A Tree, deciduous. 



& A Tree, even 



}) An herbaceous Vine, annual or biennial 



"^> A woody Vine, deciduous. 



1? A woody Vine, evergreen. 



k- A trailing Herb, annual or biennial. 



Iv, A trailing Herb, perennial. 



Z£ An aquatic plant. 



5 Flowers perfect. 



