ACOATHED 



36 



ACONITUM 



Acoathed {ak-othd'). A Dorsetshire term for sheep 

 affected with liver disease. 



Acocantherin. See under Acokanthera venenata. 



Acoccygeus [ah-kok-sij'-e-us) [a, priv. ; kokkv^, coc- 

 cyx]. Destitute of a coccyx. 



Acodin {ak'-o-din). A preparation used in dentistry 

 said to consist of aconite, iodin, tannic acid, and 

 glycerin. 



Acoesis (ak-o-e'-sis). See Audition (Illus. Diet.). 



Acoeton, Acoetos, Acoetus (ak-o'-e-ton, -tos, -tus). 

 See Oxymel (Illus. Diet.). 



Acognosia [ah-kog-no' -ze-ali). See Aceognosia (Illus. 

 Diet.). 



Acography (ak-og'-i-qf-e) \_a,Kor, a remedy ; ypafieiv, to 

 write]. A description of remedies. 



Acoin C. (ak'-o-in). Hydrochlorate of di-para-anysil- 

 mono-para-phenetyl-guanidin, a white powder, used 

 in I % aqueous solution as a local anesthetic. It is a 

 powerful disinfectant and first introduced into medical 

 practice by Darier for anesthesia of the eye. 



Acoitus [ak-o'-it-ns). See Oxymel (Illus. Diet.). 



Acokanthera {ak-o-kan-the 1 '-ra) [aw.;*//, a point; avOrjpoq, 

 blooming]. A genus of plants of the order Apocyn- 

 acea. A. abyssinica yields an African arrow-poison, 

 mshangu, secured from a decoction of the branches, the 

 toxic property due to a crystalline glucosid, C^H^Og, 

 described by Brieger in 1902. A. deflersii and A. 

 schimperi are used as arrow-poisons in Africa. The 

 poisonous principles are crystalline glucosids. A. 

 venenata, G. Don., a species indigenous to southern 

 Africa, where a decoction of the bark is used by the 

 natives to poison arrows. The poisonous principle is 

 a glucosid, acocantherin, similar to or identical with 

 ouabain. 



Acolabis (ah-ol'-ab-is) [«»'c, a point; },afiiq, forceps]. 

 A double-toothed artery forceps devised by Puppi. 



Acolyctin (ak-o-lik'-tin). Hubschmann's name for an 

 alkaloid derived from Aconitum lycoctonum, Linn. 

 According to Wright and Luff, it is identical with 

 aconin and pseudaconin ; but according to Dragendorff 

 and Spohn, it is a decomposition product of lycaconitin 

 and myoctonin. 



Acomus. (See Illus. Diet. ) 2. See Acosmus. 



Acone {ak'-on e) [L.]. I. A whetstone. 2. A levi- 

 gation appliance. 3. A mortar. 



Aconitate (ak-on'-it-at). A salt of aconitic acid. 



Aconitin (ak -on'-it-in). (See Illus. Diet.) 2. C 33 H 43 - 

 NO ]2 (Dunstan), an intensely poisonous alkaloid from 

 Aconitum napellus and other species ; it occurs as white 

 flat crystals of slightly bitter taste, soluble in alcohol, 

 ether, chloroform, and hot water; melts at i84°-i86° 

 C. Dose, T ^j gr. (0.0003 gm.). Syn., Aconiticum ; 

 Aconitinum ; Aconitiuvi. 3. See Aconitina. A., 

 Amorphous, a mixture of several bases found in the 

 bulbs of Aconitum napellus. Its principal constituent is 

 aconitin and picroaconitin. It is about 15 to 20 times 

 less poisonous than pure crystallized aconitin. A., 

 British, CjgH^NO,,; (Wright), the alkaloid prepared 

 by Morson from Aconitum ferox, Wall. It is a yellow- 

 ish-white crystalline powder, soluble in hot water, 

 slightly soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. 

 Dose, 2$ 5 gr. (0.00026 gm. ). Also called English 

 AamitW, Acraco/iiliu, Morton's A'apcl/iu or Pure 

 Aconitin, //ubuhmami 1 s /'seudacou it/it, Fluckiger' s 

 Nepalin. A. Bromhydrate. See A., Hydrobromate. 

 A., Duquesnel's. See A. A T itrate. A., English. 

 See A, British. A. Hydrobromate, C 3;i II 4i N0 12 - 

 II l!i j'_. ll.O (Jiirgens), from crystalline aconitin, 

 occurring as small white tablets, soluble in water and 

 alcohol ; melts at 163 C. Dose, the same as the crys- 

 talline alkaloid A. Hydrochlorate, C., ;) II 4:t NO, 2 - 

 I IC1 -f- 3ll 2 (Jiirgens.), a white crystalline powder 



from crystalline aconitin, soluble in water and alcohol. 

 Dose, about the same as the alkaloid. Syn., Aconitin 

 chlorhydrate, A. hydrochlorite. A. Nitrate, C 3S H tt - 

 N0 12 HN0 3 , fine white prisms or rhombic crystals, 

 soluble in alcohol, slightly in water; it is highly poi- 

 sonous and is used in neuralgia and rheumatism. Dose, 

 about the same as the alkaloid. Syn., Duqu 

 aconitin. A. Phosphate, a salt of aconitin. It occurs 

 as white crystalline powder, or as a yellowish-white 

 amorphous powder. Soluble in water and alcohol. A. 

 Salicylate, a salt of aconitin occurring as a white crys- 

 talline powder or as a yellowish-white amorphous pow- 

 der. Soluble in water and in alcohol. A. Sulfate, 

 (C 33 H 43 NO,. ! ). 2 H 2 S0 4 , a salt of aconitin occurring 

 crystalline powder, in glass-like lumps, or as a yellow- 

 ish-white amorphous powder. It is soluble in water 

 and in alcohol. 



Aconitina [ak-on-it-i' '-nah). An impure aconitin, or 

 combination of principles obtained from the root of 

 Aconitum napellus, Linn., as prepared by Morson. It 

 occurred in white grains free from odor, with a sharp 

 bitter taste, not volatile, easily fusible, soluble in alco- 

 hol and ether and in 60 parts of water at 6o° F. or 

 IOO parts at 212° F. Its salts do not crystallize, but 

 form gum-like masses. It was regarded by the eclec- 

 tics as "too powerful a poison to be used internally," 

 but was recommended externally in form of tincture 

 or ointment in neuralgia or rheumatism. 



Aconitium (ak-o-ne'-she-um). See Aconitin. 



Aconitum. (See Illus. Diet. ) 2. A genus of herbs of the 

 natural order Ranuncn/acea:. A. anthora, Linn., a 

 species native to Europe and the Orient, and northern 

 Asia. The roots have been employed in the treatmenl 

 of thoracic affections. A. cammarum, Linn., a] 

 species native to Europe. Used as a source of : 

 tin. This is probably the species employed by Barot 

 Stoerk, of Vienna, who introduced aconite into moden 

 practice in 1762. A. ferox, Wall., a species indige 

 nous to the Himalayan region. The root is emp 

 externally, in tincture, for the treatment of rheums 

 tism ; it is the source of British aconitin or pseu 

 itin, and of the arrow-poison known as Butsnai 

 bikh, bish, biskh, or Visha, employed in killing 

 and other troublesome animals. It is regarded as tin 

 most formidable poison of India. A. fischeri, Rt ii lib. 

 a species indigenous to Siberia, but said to grow ii 

 the mountains of the western United States. It 

 but little from A. napellus in physiologic action. A 

 heterophyllum, Wall., a shrub, native of the Hima. 

 layan region. The root, known as Alecs, Atis, or 

 is sold in fine white powder as a tonic and febri 

 It is intensely bitter and slightly astringent, and 

 tains considerable starch, which is prepared as 

 It yields the nonpoisonous alkaloid atisin. A. japonis 

 cum, Decne., a Japanese species (tsao/ncco), th 

 zomes of which are kept in Japanese drug stores 

 with those of some six other species, usually pre 

 in vinegar, in urine, or by drying. Several alkaloi< 

 have been separated, of which japaconitin is - 

 be the most poisonous of all aconite alkaloids. / 

 luridum, Hook, til., a Himalayan species occurring 1 

 commerce with A. ferox. A. lycoctonum, Linn., 

 species indigenous to Europe and northern Asia 

 leaves are said to be eaten as a potherb, th 

 avoided by cattle. The root yields 4 alkaloids: 

 conitin, myoctonin, lycaconiii, and acolytin. A. pa 

 matum, D. Don., a species indigenous to the Him 

 layan region. The root is bitter and contains a 

 defined alkaloid the toxic properties of which an 

 dispute. A.paniculatum, Lamarck, a Europeai 

 cies said to serve as a source of aconitin, althougl 

 almost inert. 



