HYPNOTOXIN 



303 



HYPOMICROSOMA 



Charcot's Theory, or that of the Salpetriere School, 

 according to which the hypnotic state is a morbid con- 

 dition produced artificially and marked by certain 

 chemical changes in the secretions ; a neurosis confined 

 to the hysterical ; women being the best subjects and 

 children and old people scarcely susceptible. H., 

 Ernest Hart's Theory, the hypnotized person is, as 

 it were, a living automaton, the upper brain more or 

 less completely and regularly bloodless, its functions in 

 abeyance, the will suspended, enfeebled, or abolished. 

 A., Esdaile's Theory, supposes mesmeric phenomena 

 due to a peculiar physical force or vital curative fluid 

 transmissible from one animal to another and possessed 

 also by certain metals, crystals, and magnets. H., 

 Gurney's Theory, in the normal state successive vivid 

 points of consciousness are controlled by a swarm of 

 subordinate perceptions and ideas which keep conduct 

 rational. In the hypnotic state connection is broken 

 between the predominant idea and the attendant swarm 

 and conduct follows the predominant idea alone. H., 

 Heidenhain's Theory (1880), regards the subject as 

 an automaton, unconsciously imitating movements made 

 before him ; that the phenomena are due to arrested 

 activity of the cortex ; that these higher centers are in- 

 hibited by monotonous stimulation of other nerves, e.g., 

 by fixing, gazing, passing, etc. H., Subliminal Con- 

 sciousness Theory {Double Consciousness, das Dop- 

 pel Ich ) , assumes that the stream of consciousness in 

 which we live habitually is only a part of the total pos- 

 sible consciousness ; that die subliminal or hypnotic 

 self can exercise over the nervous, vasomotor, and 

 circulatory systems a degree of control unparalleled in 

 waking life ; that this subliminal consciousness flowing 

 within us at a level beneath the threshold of ordinary 

 waking life embraces powers of which hypnotic 

 phenomena are but a first evidence. 



Hypnotoxin (hip-no-toks / -in) [v-i-oc, sleep; roginov, 

 poison]. The name given by Portier and Richet to 

 the active principle of the poison secreted by Physalia 

 and other Caslenterata. 



Hypo (lii'-po). 1. A common abbreviation of hypo- 

 chondriasis. 2. Sodium thiosulfite. 



Hypoacidity. See Hypacidity. 



Hypoazoturia (hi-po-az-ot-tZ-re-ah) [v~6, under; az:t- 

 uria\. A diminished amount of urea present in the 

 urine. 



Hypoblast. (See Illus. Diet.) Syn., Inner germ 

 layer; Intestinal layer; Trophic layer; Lamina 

 myxogastralis. H., Digestive, H., Gut, H., In- 

 testinal, the hypoblastic cells giving origin to the 

 lining of the embryonic alimentary canal. 



Hypocelom. Hypoccelom (hi-pose* -lorn) [1-0, under; 

 Koi'/uua, a cavity]. The ventral part of the celom. 



Hypochlorization (hi-po-klor / -iz-a-shuu). A method 

 of treating epilepsy consisting in the reduction of the 

 amount of sodium chlorid consumed by the patient to 

 one-half the amount. 



Hypochromatism (hi-po-kro'-mat-izm) [v~6, under; 



I chromatin]. Deficiency of chromatin in the nucleus 

 of a cell, 

 ypochromatosis (hi-po-kro-mal-o'-sis). The patho- 

 logic diminution of the chromatin in a cell-nucleus, 

 ypochylia {hi-po-ki' -le-ah) [i~6, under; \i -/or, 

 jiiice]. Deficiency of secretion; deficiency of chvle. 

 Ci.A.hylia; Oligochylia (Illus. Diet), 

 ypocinesia. Hypocinesis {hi-po-sin-e / -ze-ah, ^-sis). 

 See Hypokinesis (Illus. Diet. ). 

 ypoconulid (hi-po-kon'-u-lid) [i-6, under; koii-oc, 

 cone]. The distal cusp, the fifth tubercle of the lower 

 molar. 

 Hypocratous {hip-ok'-rat-us) [i-6, under; uparoc, 

 strength]. Lacking in strength. 



Hypocrinia (hip-o-krin'-e-ah) [i-6, under; npiveiv, to 

 separate] . Deficiency of secretion. 



Hypocytosis (hi-po-si-ty-sis) [i~6, under ; kvtoc, cell]. 

 Diminution of the number of blood- corpuscles. 



Hypodermotherapy (hipo-dur-mo-lher'-ap-e) \y~6, 

 under; dip/ia, skin; Vepa—eia, therapy]. Subcutane- 

 ous medication. 



Hypodynamic {hi-po-di-nam f -ik). See Adynamic 

 (Illus. Diet.). 



Hypoectasia {hi-po-ek-ta' '-ze-ah). See Hypectasia. 



Hypoesophoria {hi-po-es-o-fo' -re-ah) [i~6, under; 

 esophoria], A tendency of the visual axis of one eye 

 to deviate downward and inward. 



Wy^o^X\zd)a\rit\.\c{hi-po-et-ik-o-kin-et f -ik) [v~6, under; 

 for/riKog, understanding; Ktvtiv, to move]. Relating 

 to the functional activity of nerve-centers under the 

 control of the will. 



Hypoexophoria (hi-po-eks-o-fo'-re-ah) [i~6, under; 

 exophoria~\. A tendency of the visual axis of one eye 

 to deviate downward and outward. 



Hypofunction {hi-po-funk'-shun). Insufficiency of 

 function. 



Hypogaster (hi-po-gas f -ter). See Hypogastrium (Illus. 

 Diet.). 



Hypogastrectasia, Hypogastrectasis (hi-po-gas-trek- 

 ta' -ze-ah, -sis) [hypogastrium ; enracic, stretching]. 

 Dilation of the hypogastrium. 



Hypogastropagus (hipo-gas-trop / -ag-us) [i-6, under; 

 yotmjp, stomach; Tra^oc, anything solid]. A genus 

 of twin monsters characterized by having the union in 

 the region of the hypogastrium. 



Hypogigantosoma {hi-po-ji-gant-o-so / -ma) [v—6, under; 

 "yi^ac, large; aijua, body]. A condition of great phys- 

 ical development not amounting to true gigantism. 



Hypoglobulia (Iti-po-glob-u' -le-ah). See Oligocythemia 

 (Illus. Diet.). 



Hypohemoglobinemia (hi-po-hem-o-glob-in-e f -me-ah). 

 See Oligochromemia (Illus. Diet.). 



Hypohepatic {hi-po-hep-af -ik). Relating to hepatic 

 insufficiency. 



Hypohyal {hi-po-hi'-al). See Subhyoid (Illus. Diet.). 



Hypohyloma yhi-po-hi-lo f -mah). See under Hyloma. 



Hypoisotonic {hi-po-is-o-ton'-ik) [i-6. under; isotonic]. 

 Applied to a solution the osmotic pressure of which is 

 lower than blood plasma or some other solution taken 

 as a standard. Cf. Hyperisotonic. 



Hypolemmal {hi-po-lem f -al) [ttrj, under; ?eu//a, a 

 husk]. Located en tad of a sheath; applied to the 

 part of a nerve in a motorial end-plate which lies 

 within the sarcolemma. 



Hypolepidoma (hi-po-l<p-id-o / -mah). See under Lepi- 

 doma. 



Hypoleukocytosis (hi-po-lu-ko-si-lo / -sis). See Oligo- 

 cythemia (Illus. Diet.). 



Hypoliposis (hi-po-lipW-sis). A deficiency of fat- 

 splitting ferment (lipase) in the blood-serum. Cf. 

 Ilyperliposis. 



Hypolympha (hi-po-lim / -fah) [i-rro, under; lympha, 

 water]. An extravasation of plastic lymph into the 

 anterior chamber of the eye. 



Hypolymphia (hi-po-lim' '-fe-ah). Insufficiency of 

 lymph. 



Hypomastia, Hypomazia (hi-po-mas / -te-ah, hi-po- 

 masf-e-ah) [/to. under; uaazoc, the breast]. Ab- 

 normal smallness of the mammary gland. 



Hypomegasoma {hi-po-meg-as-o'-mah) [v-6, under; 

 ui- l ac, great; a£>ua, body]. A tall stature, but quite 

 below gigantism. Cf. J/egasoma. 



Hypomesosoma (hi-po-mes-o-so'-ma) [i-6, under; 

 fiicoc, middle; cuua, body]. A stature slightly below 

 the medium. 



Hypomicrosoma (hi-po-mih-ro-so'-mah) [i~6, under; 



