OOSCOPE 



392 



OPERATION 



A red or reddish-brown pigment giving color to cer- 

 tain bird's eggs; it is perhaps identical with hemato- 

 porphyrin. 



Ooscope (o' -o-skop) \Joov, egg; gko-'hv, to view]. An 

 apparatus for observing the developmental changes in 

 a fertilized egg. 



Oospora (o-os'-po-rah) [aov, egg; cnopd, seed). A genus 

 of fungi. O. bovis, a name proposed for the fungus 

 of actinomycosis by those botanists who regard it as 

 one of the hyphomycetes and as belonging to the 

 Mucedintc. O. guiguardi, causes the deposition of 

 carbonate of lime in connective tissue of the walls of 

 cystic tumors and skeletal nodosities. 



Oothectomy (o-o-thek'-lo-me) \i>6v, egg; Or/ur], chest; 

 inTOfiri, excision]. The surgical removal of an ovary; 

 a term preferred to oophorectomy. 



Opacification {o-pas-if-i-ka'-shun) \opacus, shaded]. 

 The act of becoming opaque. 



Opalisin [o-pal-is f -i>i). Wroblewski's name for a 

 proteid found in considerable quantity in human milk, 

 less in mares' milk, and in very small quantity in cows' 

 milk. 



Ope (op'-e) \jrxrj, an opening]. Same as Foramen. 



0^\Ao%co^{o-pi' -do-skop) [6ib,a voice ; eMof, likeness; 

 ckotteiv, to view]. An instrument for studying the 

 vibrations of the voice. 



Operant (op* '-e-rant) \operari, to work]. I. Effective, 

 active. 2. An operator. 



Operation. (See Illus. Diet.) Abbe's Incision for 

 Appendicitis, a lengthy incision in the lateral wall 

 of the abdomen which separates but does not cut the 

 muscle -fiber. Albert-Frank-Kocher Method of 

 Gastrotomy. See Frank's MetJiod. O., Asch's, 

 for deviation of nasal septum, consists in a crucial 

 incision over the deflection, taking up the segments, 

 reduction of the deflection, and insertion of a tube 

 to hold the segments in place. O., Beyea's, for 

 gastroptosis, consists in the plication of the gastrohe- 

 patic and gastrophrenic ligaments. O., Bier's, for 

 amputation through the lower portion of the leg, 

 consists in cuneiform osteotomy upon the tibia above 

 the stump, bending forward the stump with the lower 

 fragment of bone to a right angle with the upper 

 fragment. The two fragments unite and form a foot. 

 O., Bissell's, for uterine retroversion; the excision of 

 a section of both the round and broad ligaments suffi- 

 cient to hold the uterus in a forward position. 

 O., Catterino's (A. of Camerino, Italy). See Hystero- 

 kataphraxis. O., Equilibrating, tenotomy on the 

 direct antagonist of a paralyzed ocular muscle. O., 

 Fehling's, for uterine prolapse, consists in denuding 

 two long ovals on either side of the median line of the 

 anterior vaginal wall, and uniting their edges with 

 silver wire. Frank's Method of Gastrotomy consists 

 in forming a valve out of a small cone of the stomach- 

 wall. The oblique incision is made and a cone of the 

 stomach pulled out and its base sutured to the parietal 

 peritoneum. A second incision is then made imme- 

 diately above the rib-margin, the bridge of the skin is 

 elevated and the cone pulled up beneath it and the 

 apex sutured into the second wound. The tube is 

 inserted and the first skin-wound closed. O., Hartley- 

 Krause, the removal of the entire gasserian ganglion 

 and its roots for relief of facial neuralgia. O., Hegar's, 

 for the reiief of cancer of the rectum. The knife is 

 carried along the sides of the sacrum, making the 

 letter V, and hinges the flap with a chain saw. 

 Gerster claims good drainage by this method, but con- 

 demns it because of the impairment of the flap's vitality. 

 (Hupp.) O., Heinecke's, for relief of cancer of the 

 rectum : To avoid whatever tendency toward weak- 

 ening the pelvic floor Kraske's method involves, 



Heinecke devised in 1888 a T-shaped incision in the 

 skin, sawing the skin first vertically and then at the 

 level of the fourth foramen transversely, thus making 

 two folding bone doors. These are afterward united 

 by suture. (Hupp.) O., Hochenegg's, for relief of 

 cancer of the rectum : A curved incision is made with 

 its convexity to the right, commencing opposite the 

 third foramen of the sacrum, extending outward, and 

 passing the middle line again below the last button of 

 the coccyx. (Hupp.) O., Ingals', for ecrasement of 

 the tonsils : A snare guard is inclosed in a ring which 

 is passed over the tonsil as it is held by the forceps, 

 thus facilitating the use of the loop. O., Jonnesco's, 

 cystorrhaphy. Kader's Method of Gastrotomy 

 consists in the production of a funnel which projects 

 into the stomach by suturing two sections on either 

 side of a tube placed vertically into the stomach. Each 

 pair of sutures increases the amount of peritoneum 

 about the tube and further depresses its point of 

 entrance. O., Kocher's, for the relief of cancer of 

 the rectum : A long integumentary incision is made, 

 freely exposing the bone. With a chisel each side of 

 the sacrum is grooved along the inner side of the foramina, 

 beginning at the third. The segment, which he calls 

 the " Knockenspange," is removed. This exposes the 

 sacral canal and makes certain the protection of the 

 nerves. (Hupp.) O., Kronlein's, for relief of facial 

 neuralgia: Consists in exposing the third branch of 

 the trigeminus. O., Labioplastic. See Ckeiloplasty 

 (Illus. Diet. ). Laborie's Method of Amputation 

 through the Foot differs from Chopart's method in 

 the retention of the scaphoid in addition to the cal- 

 caneum and astragalus. O., Lange's, for resection 

 of the rectum, with osteoplastic transplantation of the 

 anal portion (1881) : The knife is carried from each 

 tuber ischii across the perineum in front of the 

 sphincters. The incisions meet in the raphe and are 

 made deep enough to allow of pushing the whole 

 muscular apparatus of the anus upward, including the 

 anal end of the gut. (Hupp.) O., Levy's, for' 

 relief of cancer of the rectum : In order to spare 

 the fourth sacral nerve and the levator ani's coccygeal 

 insertion, make an incision shaped like an inverted 

 letter U, bending the osteoplastic arc toward the 

 anus. But because of the limited space which it offers, 

 and the very imperfect drainage, it has seldom been 

 used. (Hupp.) O., Longuet's, the extraserous trans- 

 plantation of the testicle for the permanent cure of hy- 

 drocele and varicocele. Cf. Orc/iidopexy, Phlebopexy, 

 Scrotopexy, Vaginopexy. O., Lorenz's, for congenital 

 dislocation of the hip, consists in reduction of the 

 dislocation and fixation of the head of the femur against 

 the rudimentary acetabulum until a socket is formed. 

 O., Major, one requiring great surgical skill and 

 efficiency. Marwedel's Method of Gastrotomy: 

 This resembles Witzel's method in all respects except 

 that the serous and muscular coats are incised for 5 

 cm. (2 inches), the tube passed through the mucosa 

 and buried by closing the incision in the stomach wall. 

 O., Matas' (Rudolph), arteriorrhaphy, for the radical 

 cure of aneurysm consists in arrest of the circulation in 

 the sac, opening, evacuating, and cleansing the sac, 

 and closing the openings by continuous fine sutures. 

 O., Maydl's, the transplantation of the ureters into the 

 rectum in treatment of exstrophy of the bladder. O., 

 Meloplastic, a plastic operation on the cheek. O., 

 Mikulicz's Two-time, resection of the intestine in 

 two operations, two days apart. O., Minor, one 

 slight in extent and severity. O., Motet's, for ptosis: 

 a strip in the superior rectus is cut and pulled through 

 a buttonhole in the tarsal cartilage and sutured to 

 the upper lid. Olshausen's Method for vaginal 



