PINNACULUM 



418 



PITH 



word is used to describe certain microbes ; e. g., Bacil- 

 lus tetani. 



Pinnaculum (pin-a/e'-u-lum) [pinna, a peak]. 

 Wedelius' name for the uvula. 



Pinnate. (See Illus. Diet.) P., Abruptly, ending 

 without a terminal leaflet or tendril. 



Pinocytosis (pin-o-si-to'-sis) [kiveiv, to drink; kvtoq, a 

 cell]. Gabritschewsky's (1894) term for the property 

 exhibited by phagocytes of imbibing and absorbing 

 liquid substances. 



Pinol (pi'-nol). The commercial name for the oil dis- 

 tilled from the needles of Finns pumilio, Hanke. It 

 is recommended in tuberculosis, rheumatism, etc., and 

 can be used externally and internally. 



Pinus (pi'-nus) [L. a pine or fir tree]. 1. A genus of 

 coniferous trees. 2. The pineal gland. P. cembra, 

 L., Russian cedar, stone pine, the ite'vkt] of the 

 ancients, growing in the Alps and northern Asia, has 

 edible seeds which contain 50% of a fatty oil used in 

 pulmonary complaints. It furnishes Hungarian or 

 Carpathian turpentine. P. longifolia, Roxb., in- 

 digenous to Asia. It furnishes the turpentine ganda- 

 biroja. The oleoresin exuding from the bark and the 

 resin are extensively used in India as an application 

 for ulcers and abscesses, as a basis for plasters and an 

 ingredient in ointments, and internally in gonorrhea ; 

 the tar is used in bronchitis and tuberculosis and on 

 skin-diseases. P. palustris, Mil., swamp pine, pitch 

 pine, hard pine, long-life pine, southern pine, of 

 the Southern States, furnishes turpentine and 

 tar. P. pinaster, Sol., cluster pine, seaside pine, 

 star pine, of southern France, furnishes French 

 or Bordeaux turpentine, levorotary pinene, and 

 Burgundy pitch. P. pumilio, Hancke, mountain or 

 knee pine, growing on the Alps, yields a turpentine and 

 an oil used in medicine. It contains pinene, phellan- 

 drene, silvestrene, cadinene, and bornyl acetate. P. 

 strobus, L., Weymouth pine, white pine of the 

 northern United States; the bark is astringent and 

 antiseptic, used in diarrhea and dysentery. Dose of 

 fid. ext., 30-60 n^ (1.8-3.7 c.c). P. sylvestris, L., 

 Scotch pine or fir, abundant in Europe and Asia, 

 furnishes tar-pitch and turpentine ; an oil distilled 

 from the leaves is used in medicine ; the young pine 

 cones are used as a diuretic. An extract from the 

 leaves is used as a diuretic and antiseptic. Dose, 3-6 

 gr. (0.2-0.4 gm.). 



Pioepithelium (pi-o-ep-e-tke'-le-um) [iriuv, fat; epithe- 

 lium~\. Epithelium containing fat. 



Pion {pi' -on) [nlov, fat]. Fat. 



Pionemia, Pionaemia {pion-e'-me-ah) [nlov, fat; 

 atfia, blood]. See Lipemia (Illus. Diet.). 



Piorkowski's Culture Medium. See under Medium. 



Pioxemia, Pioxaemia {pi-oks-e* -me-ah). See Lipemia 

 (Illus. Diet). 



Piper. (See Illus. Diet.) A genus of plants of the 

 order Piperacece. P. angustifolium, R. et P., of 

 South America, the leaves are used as a styptic ; this 

 property was discovered by a soldier, Matico, so it is 

 called yerba del soldato ; they are also used in gonor- 

 rhea and as betel. P. jaborandi, Veil., is a Brazilian 

 species ; the root, jaborandi do mate, is diaphoretic, 

 stimulant, and antiperiodic. Dose, of fid. ext., 10-30 

 TT\_ (0.6-1.8 c.c). P. mollicomum, Kth., jaborandi 

 mano, of Brazil ; the leaves are used as jaborandi and 

 in baths in treatment of rheumatism, the root as a 

 sudorific and the fruit in gonorrhea. P. ovatum, 

 Vahl., a species of the West Indies. The leaves are 

 used in hydrophobia ; it contains the alkaloid piper- 

 ovatin. 



Piperazidin [pi-per-az' '-id-in). See Piperatin (Illus. 

 Diet.). 



Piperazin. (See Illus. Diet. ) Syn., DietAylenediatnin; 

 Ethyleniviin ; Dispermin ; Piperazidin. P. Quinate, 

 a white amorphous powder, very soluble in water; 

 used in gout. Dose, 75-120 gr. (5-8 gm.) daily in 

 broken doses. Syn., Sidonal. P. Water, a combi- 

 nation of equal parts of piperazin and phenocoll. Used 

 in gout. 



Piperidin. (See Illus. Diet. ) P. Bitartrate, colorless 

 crystals having a pleasant taste and freely soluble in 

 water. It is recommended in uratic diathesis. Dose, 

 10-16 gr. 3 times daily. P. guaiacolate, C 5 H,,N.- 

 (C 7 H 8 2 ) 2 , needles or flakes, slightly soluble in water, 

 melting at 8o° C. It is used in tuberculosis. Dose, 

 10 gr. twice daily. Syn., Guaiaperoi. 



Piperism ( pi' ' pur-iztn). Poisoning by pepper, marked 

 by acute gastritis. 



Piperovatin (pi-pur-cZ-va-tin). CjgH.^NO.^. A crys- 

 talline alkaloid isolated from Piper ovatum, Vahl.; 

 soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water, dilute 

 alkalis, and acids. It is a heart poison and depressant 

 of the motor and sensory nerves, and acts as strych- 

 nin. 



Pipi (pe'-pe). The Brazilian name for the root of the 

 grass Vetiveria tetrandra, Gom.; used in rheumatism 

 and paralysis. 



Pipitzahoac, Pipitzahoic, Pipitzahuac (pip-it-za-ko'- 

 ak, -ik, -ku'-ak). The Mexican name for the root of 

 Trixis pipitzahuac, Schulz Bip. (/'erezia turbinata. 

 Lex.). It is used as a purgative. Dose, 45-75 gr. 

 (3-5 gm.). P. Acid. See under Acid. 



Piptadenia (pip-lad-e'-ne-aA) [TiiirTEtv, to fall; afii/r, 

 a gland]. A genus of leguminous plants. P. pera- 

 grina, a species growing in South America, where the 

 powdered seeds are smoked instead of tobacco bv the 

 Orinoco Indians, and the pods, mixed with flour of 

 cassava and lime, form an intoxicating snuff called 

 niopa or nupa in Venezuela and parica in Brazil. 



Pirogoff's Formula for treatment of favus: Sublimed 

 sulfur, y 2 oz. ; potassium carbonate, I oz. ; distilled 

 water, ^ oz. ; tincture of iodin, I oz. ; lard, 3 oz. 



Piroplasma (pi-ro-plaz'-mah) \_~vp, fire ; nAaaaeiv, to 

 mold]. A genus of hematozoa. P. bigeminum, 

 Nocard and Motas, parasitic in the red blood-corpus- 

 cles of dogs and cattle. 



Piroplasmosis ( pi-ro-plaz-mo'-sis). An affection of 

 cattle and sheep due to infection with the protozoon, 

 Piroplasma liigtminum. 



Pistacia. (See Illus. Diet.) P. terebinthus, L., 

 growing in the countries around the Mediterranean, 

 furnishes C'hian turpentine; the fruit (kokonetza) is 

 edible; the oil (schoinocladon) is used in rheumatism 

 and gout, the bark and leaves in dysentery and albumin- 

 uria ; the leaves punctured by insects furnish a gall 

 (carobe di guida). Cf. A Ik. 



Pistia (pis'-te-aA) [jramJf, drinking]. A genus of the 

 Aroideir. P. stratiotes, L., tropic duck-weed, grow- 

 ing in the water of warm countries. The leaves un- 

 used internally in diabetes and dysentery, externally 

 on hemorrhoids and abscesses. 



Pit. (See Illus. Diet.) P., Auditory, the embryonic 

 depression preceding the labyrinth. P., Basilar, the 

 depression upon the palatal .surfaces of the upper incisor 

 teeth, at the base of the cingulums. 



Pitaya Bark ( pit-a'-ah). The bark of Cinchona pit- 

 avensis, Wedd. 



Pitayamin ( pit-a-am'-itt). An alkaloid found by Hesse 

 in pitaya bark. 



Pitayin [fit-a'-in). See Quinidina (Illus. Diet.). 



Pitchiri, Pitchery. See J'ituri. 



Pith. (See Illus. Diet.) 2. To transect the oblongata, 

 with or without the subsequent detra ction or removal 

 of the brain or spinal cord or both. With birds or 



