SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 



471 



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 



Duchenne's Attitude, in paralysis of the trapezium 

 the shoulder droops ; the shoulder-blade see-saws so 

 that its internal edge instead of being parallel to the 

 vertebral column becomes oblique from top to bottom 

 and from without in. Dugas' Test, in dislocation 

 of the shoulder-joint the elbow cannot be made to 

 touch the side of the chest when the hand of the 

 affected side is placed on the opposite shoulder. S., 

 Duncan Bird's. See S., Bird' s. S., Dupuytren's 

 Eggshell, the sensation of a delicate crepitant shell 

 (eggshell crackling) imparted on slight pressure in 

 certain cases of sarcoma of long bones. Echinococ- 

 cous Cyst. See S., Lennhoff" ' s. Eitelberg's Test, 

 if a large tuning-fork be held at intervals before the 

 ear during fifteen or twenty minutes, the duration 

 of the perception of the vibration, during these periods, 

 increases in case the ear is normal, but decreases when 

 a lesion of the sound-conducting apparatus exists. 

 S., Ellis'. See Line, Ellis' (Illus. Diet.). Enterop- 

 tosis. See S., Stiller's. Erben's Phenomenon, 

 a temporary slowing of the pulse on bending forward 

 or attempting to sit down ; it has been observed in 

 neurasthenia. S., Erb's : (I) increase of the electric 

 irritability of the motor nerves in tetany; ( 2) dulness 

 on percussion over the manubrium stemi in akromegaly. 

 S., Erb-Westphal's. See S., WestphaV s (Illus. 

 Diet.). S.. Erichsen's, to differentiate coxalgiafrom 

 sacroiliac diseases : compression of the two iliac bones 

 causes pain in the latter but not in the former affection. 

 S., Ewart's, in marked pericardial effusion the left 

 clavicle is so raised that the upper border of the first rib 

 can be felt with the finger as far as the sternum. S., 

 First Rib. See S., Ewart's. S., Fiske-Bry- 

 son's. See S., Brvson's. S., Flindt-Koplik's. 

 See Koplik' s Spots. Fracture. See S., Cleemann' s, 

 Hunter's, Morris . S., Frederici's, perception of 

 the heart-sounds over the whole abdomen in cases of 

 perforative peritonitis with escape of gas into the 

 peritoneal cavity. S., Frenkel's, diminished tone 

 (hypotonia) of the muscles of the lower extremities in 

 tabes dorsalis. S., Fuerbringer's, a subphrenic ab- 

 scess may be distinguished from a collection of pus 

 above the diaphragm by the transmission, in case of 

 the former, of the respiratory movements to a needle 

 inserted into the abscess. S., Gangolphe's, in in- 

 testinal obstruction a serosanguineous effusion in the 

 abdomen soon after strangulation has taken place. 

 Gangrene. See S., Behier- Hardy's. Gardiner- 

 Brown's Test, in labyrinthine disease the patient 

 ceases to hear the sound of a tuning-fork placed upon 

 the vertex from half a second to several seconds before 

 the examiner ceases to feel its vibrations. Garland's 

 S-curve. See Line, Ellis , { Illus. Diet.). Gastro- 

 succhorea. See S., Reichmann ' s. Gelle's Test, 

 the vibrations of a tuning-fork placed in contact with 

 a rubber tube, the nozzle of which is inserted into the 

 meatus, are distinctly perceived when the air is com- 

 pressed by pressure upon the bulb attached to the 

 tube. This does not occur when the chain of ossicles 

 is diseased. S., Gerhardt. I. A systolic bruit heard 

 between the mastoid process and spinal column in 

 cases of aneurysm of the vertebral artery. 2. Incom- 

 plete filling of the external jugular vein on the affected 

 side, occasionally seen in thrombosis of the transverse 

 sinus. 3. A band of dulness on percussion, superim- 

 posed upon the normal precordial dulness, about 3 

 cm. in width and extending toward the left clavicle ; 

 it is observed in cases of the persistence of the ductus 

 arteriosus. 4. The absence of the movement of the 

 larynx in dyspnea due to aneurysm of the aorta. In 

 dyspnea from other causes, the excursions of the larynx 

 are extensive. S., Gersuny's, a peculiar sensation 



of adhesion of the mucosa of the bowel to the fecal 

 mass while pressure is made with the tips of the fingers 

 in cases of coprostasis. Syn., Cling Sign. Giraldes' 

 " Bonnet a poil," widening of the cranium in the 

 frontal region in chronic . hydrocephalus. S., Glas- 

 gow's, a systolic sound in the bronchial artery, heard 

 in latent aneurysm of the aorta. S., Golonboff ' s, 

 of chlorosis, an acute pain located directly over the 

 spleen, and pain on percussion over the ends of the 

 long bones, especially the tibias. Goiter, Exophthal- 

 mic. See S., Bullet's, Becker's, Bryson' s, Joffroy s, 

 Mann s, Mobtns\ Vig-oronx ' s, Weiss' '. Goodell's 

 Law : " When the cervix is as hard as one's nose, 

 pregnancy does not exist ; when it is as soft as one's 

 lips, pregnancy is probable." S.. Gould's Bowed- 

 head, in retinitis pigmentosa or other disease destroy- 

 ing the peripheral portion of the retina, the patient 

 often bows the head low to see the pavement, in order 

 to bring the image upon the functional portion of the 

 retina. S.s, Gousset's, of phrenic neuralgia, a pain- 

 ful point always present and well defined to the right 

 of the fourth or fifth chondrosternal articulation ; it 

 must not be confounded with the retrosternal pain of 

 chronic aortitis. S., Gowers', intermittent and abrupt 

 oscillations of the iris under the influence of light, ante- 

 rior probably to the total loss of the reflex ; it is occasion- 

 ally seen in tabes dorsalis. v. Graefe's Spots, certain 

 spots near the supraorbital foramen, or over the vertebras, 

 which, when pressed upon, caused a sudden relaxation 

 of the spasm of the eyelids in cases of blepharofacial 

 spasm. Grancher's Triad, the three symptoms char- 

 acteristic of incipient pulmonary tuberculosis : weakened 

 vesicular murmur, increased vocal fremitus, and skodaic 

 resonance. S., Graves', an increase of the systolic 

 impulse often noted in the beginning of pericarditis. 

 S., Greene's (C. L. i Percussion, in percussion of 

 the free cardiac border during full inspiration and again 

 during forced inspiration, the patient either standing or 

 sitting, it will be noted tKat the border is displaced out- 

 ward by the expiratory movement in cases of pleuritic 

 effusion. S., Griesinger's. 1. An edematous swell- 

 ing behind the mastoid process in thrombosis of the 

 transverse sinus. 2. In thrombosis of the basilar 

 artery, compression of the carotids produces symptoms 

 of cerebral anemia (pallor, syncope, convulsions). 

 This is u sign of doubtful value, since it mav also 

 be caused by disturbances of the cerebral circulation 

 resulting from cardiac and vascular lesions I especially 

 arteriosclerosis i . S., Grisolle's, the early eruption 

 of smallpox is distinguished from that of measles by 

 the fact that the papules remain distinct to the touch 

 even when the skin is tightly stretched. S., Guye's, 

 aprosexia occurring in childhood with adenoid vegeta- 

 tions of the nasopharynx. S.. Haab's. See Reflex, 

 Haab's Pupil. Hall's Marshall) Facies, the 

 prominent forehead and small features peculiar to 

 hydrocephalus. Hamilton's Test, in dislocation of 

 the shoulder-joint a ruler applied to the dislocated 

 humerus may be made to touch the acromion and ex- 

 ternal condyle at the same time. S.. Hardy-Beheir's, 

 aphonia, an early symptom of pulmonary gangrene. S., 

 Heim-Kreyssig's. See.S'.. A'reyssig-' s. S., Heim- 

 Sanders'. See S. Sanders'. Hemiplegia. See 

 S.j Babinskf s. Sthaffer's. S., Heryng's, an infra- 

 orbital shadow observed on introducing an electric 

 light into the mouth in empyema of the antrum of 

 Highmore. S.. Hochsinger's, the existence of 

 indicanuria in tuberculosis of childhood. S., Hoff- 

 mann's, increase of the mechanical irritability of the 

 sensory nerves in tetany. S., Hope's, double cardiac 

 beat noted in aneurysm of the aorta. S.. Howship- 

 Romberg's. See S., Romberg 's \ Illus. Diet . S., 



