STACHYOSE 



486 



STAINS 



Stachyose (sta'-ke-bz). C 18 H 33 16 . A trisaccharid 

 yielded by Stachys palustris, L. 



Stadium. (See Illus. Diet.) S. amphiboles [au<pi- 

 (3o/.og, equivocal, uncertain]. See Stage, Anipibolic 

 (Illus. Diet.). S. annihilationis, the convalescent 

 stage. S. floritionis, the stage of an eruptive disease 

 during which the exanthem is at its height. S. 

 frigoris, the cold stage of a fever. See Stage, Algid 

 (Illus. Diet.). S. incrementi, the stage of increase of 

 a fever or disease. S. staseos. See S. acmes (Illus. 

 Diet. ). 



Staffa [staf'-ah). I. Stapes, 2. A figure-of-eight 

 bandage. 



Stagium [sla'-je-um). The sixth part of an ounce. 



Stagnum chyli [stagnum, a pond]. Same as Keceptac- 

 ulum chyli. 



Stahlian [stall' -le-an). An animist, a follower of the 

 doctrine of George Ernst Stahl, German chemist, 1660- 

 1734. See Animism (Illus. Diet.). 



Stains, Staining Reagents, Methods, Etc. Abba's 

 Method for isolating the colon bacillus from water: 

 Cook for a half-hour at 100° C., in a steam apparatus, 

 milk-sugar 200 gm., dry peptone 100 gm., sodium 

 chlorid 50 gm., water 1000 c.c; filter; preserve in 

 glass containers of loo c.c. capacity each. Pour 100 

 c.c. of the culture-fluid into one liter of the water to 

 be examined; add 2 or 3 c.c. of I c / alcoholic phenol- 

 phthalein and cold saturated solution of sodium carbo- 

 nate until the water is and stays rose-red; fill into 5 or 

 6 Erlenmeyer flasks and place in an oven at 37 ° C. 

 Prepare 10 c.c. of agar solution in a sterilized petri-dish 

 and place it in the oven at 37 C. If bacilli are present, 

 the water in the Erlenmeyer flasks will be decolored in 

 from 12 to 24 hours. By means of a platinum loop 

 take a small drop from the surface of the water and make 

 hieroglyphics on the agar in the petri-dish ; return to 

 the oven at 37° C. and in from 12 to 18 hours the 

 colonies will be seen. Acetic-acid Alcohol, a mix- 

 ture of equal parts of absolute alcohol and glacial 

 acetic acid; used for fixing ova. Cf. the fluids of 

 Carnoy and of Zacharias. Acid-violet, a plasma 

 stain. For its use see Light-green. Adami's 

 Method. 1. For obtaining tubercle bacilli from milk, 

 urine, and other secretions : Add to the suspected 

 liquid 5% of pure carbolic acid; centrifugate 30 c.c. 

 in a machine giving 2000 revolutions a minute. De- 

 cant the supernatant fluid, add a little 3% sodium hy- 

 droxid to the sediment, and after a few minutes fill the 

 tube to the 15 c.c. mark and centrifugate. Repeat the 

 process if necessary. 2. For staining the diplobacil- 

 lus in the fibrous tissue of the liver and the lymph- 

 glands in atrophic cirrhosis : Place the sections in 

 weak acetic acid, then in absolute alcohol, and then 

 for one hour in a half saturated solution of methylene- 

 blue inanilin; xylol; balsam. Examine with a y'j- 

 inch oil-immersion lens. The bacteria are of a brown- 

 ish color. Adjective Staining, that obtained by 

 treating the tissue first with a mordant. Albrecht- 

 Stark's Method: Place the sections on a slide made 

 moist by breathing upon it ; then add a drop of warm 

 water, and by repeated breathing upon them the 

 sections will spread out. Moisten a piece of filter- 

 paper with 5 drops of absolute alcohol, place it 

 over the sections, and press them down. Remove 

 the paraffin with xylol, the xylol with absolute 

 alcohol, and pour over the slide a layer of very thin 

 celloidin solution; drain; wash with 95 c / r alcohol. 

 Alfieri's Method for celloidin sections of tissue con- 

 taining pigment : Place them for from 8 to 24 hours in 

 a 1 : 2COO solution of potassium permanganate and 

 then wash for several hours in a 1 : 300 solution of ox- 

 alic acid. Alkali-alcohol, a solution of I gm. of caus- 



tic potash in 100 c.c. of alcohol, allowed to stand for 

 24 hours and then filtered. Altmann's Method. 

 I. For histologic preparations : Freeze the fresh object 

 and dry in the frozen state at — 30° C, over sulfuric 

 acid in a vacuum. The drying takes 2 days. Then 

 infiltrate in a vacuum with melted paraffin. By this 

 method the volume of the object remains unaltered, 

 and, it is said, the reaction power of the tissues is pre- 

 served. 2. For attaching sections to the slide : Dis- 

 solve one part of guttapercha in 6 . parts of chloroform 

 and for use dilute with 25 volumes of chloroform ; pour 

 the liquid over the slide, drain, nnd when the chloro- 

 form has evaporated heat the slide over a gas-flame. 

 On slides prepared in this way paraffin sections are 

 placed and fixed by means of 4% solution of gun- 

 cotton in acetone, diluted with 3 volumes of alcohol ; 

 press the sections against the slide by means of filter- 

 paper, and then melt the paraffin. Ammonium 

 Sulfate Reaction, the green or black-green color 

 produced when tissues containing iron are treated with 

 solution of ammonium sulfate. Cf. the methods of 

 Hall, Quincke, and Zalewski. Amyloid Reaction 

 in tissues having undergone amyloid degeneration. 1. 

 With iodin: Dilute Lugol's solution with distilled 

 water until it has the color of port- wine and add 25% 

 of glycerol ; in this stain the sections for 3 minutes, 

 wash in water, and mount in glycerol. The amyloid 

 substance is brown-red, the remaining tissues are light- 

 yellow. For permanent preparations, see the method 

 of Langhans for glycogen. 2. With iodin green: 

 Stain for 24 hours in iodin-green (0.5 gm. dissolved in 

 150 c.c. of distilled water) and wash in water. The 

 amyloid masses are red-violet, the remaining tissues 

 green. 3. With iodin and sulfuric acid : Place sec- ; 

 tions that have been treated with Lugol's solution (see i 

 Iodin Reaction) in I % sulfuric acid. The brown of 

 the amyloid substance becomes intensified or it changes 

 to a violet or blue to green color. 4. With methyl- 

 green: Stain for from 3 to 5 minutes in I </ ( solution 

 of the dye and wash in distilled water containing if e ] 

 of hydrochloric acid. Amyloid substance violet, nuclei 

 green. 5. With methyl-violet : The process of stain- 

 ing is the same as with methyl-green. The amyloid is 

 purple-red, the remaining tissue blue. See further the 

 methods of Birch-Hirschfeld. Harris, Kantorowicz, 

 Morse, and Van Gieson. Andriezen-Golgi Method: 

 Suspend thin slices of brain with the pia intact in I 

 95 c.c. of 2^ solution of potassium bichromate, to 1 

 which after IO or 15 minutes add 5 c.c. of 1 ', osniic 

 acid and place in the dark for 24 hours: transfer to a 

 mixture of 90 c.c. of 2.5% potassium bichromate and! 

 IO c.c. of I % osmic acid; after 2 days transfer to a J 

 mixture of 80 c.c. of 3% potassium bichromate and 

 20 c.c. of \ r / r osmic acid; after 3V2 days nerve cells 

 and glia-cells will be impregnated, after 6 days axons 

 and collaterals. Quickly rinse the tissue in distilled I 

 water, place it in 0.75% solution of silver nitrate (in 

 the dark), and after 15 minutes in 100 c.c. of the! 

 silver solution plus one drop of formic acid; the tissue 

 should remain in this solution (which should be re- 'i 

 newed after 24 hours) from 3 to 5 days, in an incuba-j 

 tor at 25° C. Rinse in 90% alcohol for 15 minutes; 

 dehydrate in absolute alcohol for i> minutes ; place in 

 thin celloidin for a half-hour and mount on cork. 

 Wash the sections in distilled water until free from 

 alcohol ; place them in 0.75 silver nitrate solution for-, 

 from 30 to 60 minutes ; dehydrate in alcohol, clear 

 in xylol-pyridin, and mount in xylol-damar wifh«M 

 out a cover-glass. Anilin Blue. See Victoria 

 nine tinder St, lining Reagents (Illus. Diet.) 

 Anjeszky's Method for the spores of bacteria : 

 Dry the films in air; cover with 0.05^ hydrochlojP 



