TEST 



533 



TEST 



color. This will indicate 0.3^ of sugar, and only 

 takes place if grape-sugar is actually present. If much 

 albumin is present, first eliminate it by shaking with 

 salt or chloroform. Nitrous Acid or Nitrites. 

 See Sabatier, Schafer, Schmidt. T., Nothnagel's, 

 a crystal of sodium chlorid placed upon the serous 

 surface of any portion of the intestine of the rab 

 bit causes ascending peristalsis. This test has been 

 applied to ascertain the direction of the bowel in oper- 

 ations upon man, but has not been found whollv reli- 

 able. T., Obermeyer's, for Indican in Urine. 

 With a lead acetate solution (1 : 5) precipitate the 

 urine ; care must be taken not to add an excess of 

 lead solution. Filter, and shake the filtrate for one or 

 two minutes with an equal quantity of fuming hydro- 

 chloric acid, which contains I or 2 parts of ferric 

 chlorid solution to 500 parts of the acid. Add some 

 chloroform, which becomes blue from the generation 

 of indigo-blue. T., Obermiiller's, for Cholester- 

 in. Place the cholesterin in a test-tube, and fuse with 

 two or three drops of propionic acid anhydrid over a 

 small, naked flame. The fused mass on cooling is vio- 

 let, changing to blue, green, orange, carmin, and, 

 finally, to copper-red. Oils. See Barbot, Basoletto, 

 Baudouin, Bechi, Behren, Pontet, Renard, Royere, 

 Schonvogel, Schneider, Souchere, Starch, Tocher, 

 Tuchen, Villavecchia. T., Oppenheimer's, for 

 Acetone. Make a reagent by diluting 20 c.c. of 

 concentrated sulfuric acid by the addition of a liter 

 of water ; to this add 5° gni. of yellow oxid of mer- 

 cury and set aside for 24 hours. To 3 c.c. of unfil- 

 tered urine add a few drops of the reagent. In the 

 presence of albumin a precipitate occurs at once ; 

 in its absence the precipitate is seen some time later. 

 Orcin Reaction for Xylose in the Urine. Heat 

 the urine with an equal volume of hydrochloric acid 

 and a trace of orcin. As soon as a green color is ap- 

 parent, cool the solution and shake with amyl alcohol. 

 The amyl alcohol takes on a green color and in the 

 spectroscope shows the characteristic band between C 

 and D, and, in addition, a more uncertain band, more 

 toward the red. T., Oxyphenyl Sulfonic Acid, for 

 Albumin. Make a solution of 3 parts of oxyphenyl 

 sulfonic acid, 1 part salicylsulfonic acid, water 20 

 parts. To one drop of this add I c.c. of urine, and in 

 the presence of albumin a white, transparent precipi- 

 tate will be formed. Ozone. See Schonbein. T., 

 Pain's, for Santonin. A small crystal of the alkaloid 

 treated in a test-tube with 2 or 3 c.c. of ethyl nitrite 

 and a few drops of a solution of potassium hydrate 

 gives a rose-red color. T., Parnum's, for Albumin. 

 Add to the filtered urine one-sixth of its volume of a 

 concentrated solution of sulfate of magnesium or 

 sodium. On acidulating with acetic acid and boiling 

 the albumin is precipitated. Payer's Reaction for 

 Hydrocyanic Acid. The reagent employed is a very 

 dilute alcoholic tincture of guaiac resin, containing a 

 trace of copper sulfate solution. Upon approaching 

 this mixture, held in a porcelain capsule, with a glass 

 rod moistened with hydrocyanic acid, blue lines are 

 formed in the liquid ; upon stirring, the whole solution 

 turns blue. T., Penzoldt and Fischer's, for 

 Phenol. Treat a strongly alkaline solution of phenol 

 with a solution of diazobenzol sulfonic acid ; a deep 

 red coloration is produced. Peptones. See Posner, 

 Riegler, Salkowski. Persoz's Solution for Dis- 

 tinguishing Textile Fibers. A solution of 10 gm. 

 of zinc chlorid in 10 gm. of water, shaken with 2 gm. 

 of zinc oxid. Upon digesting any fabric in this basic 

 zinc chlorid solution at 30 to 40 , the silk contained 

 in it will be dissolved. Phenacetin. See Ritsert. 

 Phenol. See Bert helot, Bodde, Eijkmann, Landolt, 



Penzoldt and Fischer, Plugge, Pollaci. T., Phenylhy- 

 drazin, for Dextrose. See 7'.,::Jahsch's(l\lus. Diet. . 

 T., Phenylhydrazin (of Neumann), consists in the 

 use of a solution of sodium acetate in acetic acid of 

 from $0% to 75% strength or in glacial acetic acid. 

 A special test-tube is employed, the urine is introduced, 

 the sodium acetate solution and 2 or 3 drops of pure 

 phenylhydrazin are added, and the whole boiled 

 down to a certain point indicated on the tube, cooled 

 rapidly in running water, boiled one minute more, 

 and cooled. In the presence of sugar, phenylhydra- 

 zin crystals appear. T., Phenylhydrazin (of Rieg- 

 ler). To o. 1 gm. of phenylhydrazin hydrochlorid 

 placed in an evaporating dish to which has been added 

 o. 5 gm. of sodium acetate, add 20 drops of the urine. 

 Heat to boiling and add 20 or 30 drops of caustic 

 soda. In the presence of so little as 0.005% ol ^ su g ar 

 a reddish-violet coloration will be given. T., Phen- 

 ylhydrazin, proposed by Vitali as a test for formic al- 

 dehyd. A mixture of the two gives rise to a milky 

 discoloration; eventually a yellowish deposit is pre- 

 cipitated upon the sides of the test-tube. In concen- 

 trated solutions the turbidity appears immediately. In 

 solutions of a strength of I : 100 the reaction occurs 

 after a few seconds; in those of I : 1000, in 1 minute; 

 in those of I: 10,000, in 5 minutes; iu those of 

 1 : 100,000, in 2 to 3 hours. Picric Acid. See 

 Rupenu. Picrotoxin. See Becker. Plugge's 

 Phenol Reaction. A dilute phenol solution is ren- 

 dered intensely red on boiling with a solution of mer- 

 curic nitrate containing a trace of nitrous acid. Metal- 

 lic mercury separates out at the same time and an odor 

 of salicylol is developed. Plugge's Reagent for 

 Gum Ammoniac. Thirty grams of caustic soda are 

 dissolved in water, the solution kept cool during the 

 addition of 20 gm. of bromin and then diluted to one 

 liter. On the addition of one drop of this solution to 

 an aqueous or alcoholic solution of gum ammoniac 

 prepared with the addition of dilute soda lye an imme- 

 diate but rapidly vanishing violet coloration is caused. 

 Podwyssotzki's Reaction for Emetin. On the 

 addition of a drop of a saturated solution of sodium 

 phosphouranate, emetin produces a brown coloration 

 which changes to blue if a drop of hydrochloric acid 

 be added. T., Politzer's. See under Signs. Pol- 

 laci's Reaction for Phenol. Phenol turns brown 

 when treated with chromic acid mixture. Posner's 

 Reaction for Peptones and Albumins. Alkalinize 

 the urine, pour it into a test tube, and overlay it very 

 carefully with a very dilute, almost colorless solution 

 of copper sulfate. In the presence of peptone there 

 will be the formation of a violet zone even in the cold ; 

 the same reaction is yielded by albumin upon warming. 

 Potassium Cyanate. See Schneider. Poutet's 

 Reaction for Fatty Oils. The elaidin reaction. 

 Pour into a test-tube IO gm. of oil, 5 gm. nitric acid 

 (40°-42° Be 7 ), and I gm. of mercury, dissolve the 

 mercury by shaking for 3 minutes, allow the mixture 

 to stand 20 minutes, and again shake for a minute. 

 Various fats show differences in color, and in the ease 

 with which they solidify. Olive oil and peanut oil 

 harden most rapidly. According to other authorities. 

 50 c.c. of the oil are mixed with 12 gm. of mercury 

 and 15 gm. of nitric acid, sp. gr. 1. 35, by which treat- 

 ment only olive oil and oil of almonds are solidified, 

 all other oils remaining liquid. Pradine's Reagent 

 for Dyestuffs in Wine. Upon shaking wine with a 

 saturated solution of ammonia gas in ether the foreign 

 coloring-matters are dissolved. T., Preyer's, for 

 Carbon Monoxid in the Blood. Warm three or 

 four drops of the suspected blood for 5 minutes at 30 

 C. with 10 c.c. of water and 5 c.c. of potassium 



