CLASS I. MAMMALIA- ORDER 2. QUADRUMANA. 95 



long and shaggy, more particularly on the neck and shoulders of the males, where it forms a dis- 

 tinct mane ; each hair is of a light-gray color for some distance from the root, and afterward an- 

 nulated throughout its entire length with distinct rings, alternately hlack and dark green — some- 

 times, though but rarely, intermixed with a few of a lighter and yellowish shade. The nose pro- 

 jects a little beyond the upper lip, the nostrils are separated by a small depression or rut, as in 

 the dog and other carnivorous animals, and the callosities are less strongly marked than in most 

 other species of this genus. 



The Chacma, so called from the Hottentot word T Chac-kamma, the aboriginal name of this 

 baboon in South Africa, is one of the largest species of the present genus, and when full grown 

 is equal in size, and much superior in strength, to a common English mastiff. It inhabits the 

 mountains throughout the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and associates in families more or 

 less numerous. They are found on the Table Mountain above Cape Town, though they do not 

 exist in such numbers as they appear to have done formerly. Still, they pay occasional visits to 

 the wardens at the base of the mountains, and with such skill and caution, that even the most 

 watchful dogs cannot always prevent them from committing extensive ravages. 



M. Boitard furnishes us with the following account of one of these animals, confined in the Gar- 

 den of Plants at Paris : 



"All the Cynocephales are wicked and brutal, but nothing can equal the ferocity of the choak- 

 kama, whose strength man is utterly unable to resist. I witnessed an instance of this some years 

 a<ro at the menagerie. A man by the name of Richard, of a robust frame, and five feet eight inches 

 in height, was at that time keeper of the monkeys, and his kitchen was exactly opposite the room 

 where a choak-kama was confined. During his absence, one day, the monkey managed to open 

 the door of his cage : he went into the kitchen, jumped upon a bench where there was a quan- 

 tity of carrots for the nourishment of the animals, and began to tear up and devour the food of his 

 companions in slavery. 



" At this moment the keeper returned : he tried at first to get the animal back to his cage by 

 coaxing him, but the saucy brute simply made faces at him, and continued his meal. Richard 

 then raised his voice ; but this only produced redoubled grimaces, accompanied with grindings of 

 his teeth, and other menacing demonstrations. An unlucky idea then made the keeper take up 

 a stick, which he had no sooner brandished in the air, than the monkey rushed upon him and 

 thrust his two fists into his breast with such force that the powerful man reeled and nearly fell 

 to the earth. The furious animal now returned to the charge, and before the astonished keeper 

 could do any thing in self-defense, he threw him down with violence, pommeled him with his 

 paws, and bit him so violently with his sharp teeth in his thigh, that fears were entertained for 

 his life. 



" As neither entreaty nor force prevailed to make the animal re-enter his cage, recourse was 

 had to other means. Richard had a daughter who was a favorite with the choak-kama, for it was 

 she who generally fed him. She suddenly conceived the idea of enticing him back to his cage by 

 exciting his jealousy. She therefore placed herself at the other side of the cage, so that he could 

 see her through the wires, and calling to her a young lad at work on the place, bade him attempt 

 to kiss her. This excited the brutal jealousy of the monkey to such a pitch that he screamed 

 furiously, and rushing into the cage in order to punish the lad for his indiscretion, the people 

 around suddenly shut the door, and made him again a prisoner. You may suppose that any 

 future attempts for liberty on his part proved futile." 



The Tartarin, C. Hamadryas, the most celebrated of all the baboons, and probably the only 

 species of this genus known to the ancients, inhabits the mountains of Arabia and Abyssinia, and 

 measures upward of four feet when standing erect, and two and a half feet in a sitting posture. 

 The face of this species is extremely elongated, naked, and of a dirty flesh-color, with a lighter 

 1 ring surrounding the eyes ; the nostrils, as in the dog, are separated by a slight furrow ; the head, 

 neck, shoulders, and all the fore-part of the body as far as the loins, are covered with long shaggy 

 hair ; that on the hips, thighs, and legs is short, and, contrasted with the former, has the appear- 

 ance of having been clipped, so that the whole animal bears no unapt resemblance to a French 

 poodle. While young, it is gentle, docile, and playful ; but as soon as it has acquired its full 



