

VERTEBRATA. 



involved in obscurity than thai of the origin of varieties in the human race, we shall pass it 

 riving t<> it only Buch incidental aotices as the description of particular kinds of cattle may 



SKELETON OP A COW. 



We ii'>w proceed to describe the domestic species Bos taurus. Of the structure of this we need 



any elaborate description; the engraving which we present will be all that is required 



in this respect. The male of the species, the Bull, is a powerful brute, conscious of his strength, 



and easily excited to a display of his rage. His pugnacity caused him formerly to be used for 



public sport of bull-baiting in England and other European countries; in Spain, bull-fights 



-till the most relished of all the popular national spectacles. The Ox, sometimes called Bull- 



. i- ased for the plow and the cart or wagon, and sometimes also to carry burdens. Of all 



creatures, it seems to he the meekest, mildest, and most patient. The Cow is gentle and faithful, 



aii'l alike the pvnerous nurse of children and men. The various ways in which these creatures 



ful to mankind are almost innumerable. Every part of the Ox is of value.* We eat his flesh. 



'ubati of Boethius ; the Whiti Ui us of Colonel H. Smith; the ChilUngham Bull of Gray; the Wild 



■>r II no and Bull of Low ; the WildCattle of Bewick. Varieties of this species are known to the grazier 



by a large number of names; some of these are generally recognized, and have characteristic types, as the Pembroke 



B ', the West Highland Butt, the Zetland Coiv, the Kerry Cote, the Alderney Cow, the Fifeshire Cow, Long-horned or 



the English Short-horn Cattle, the Short-horn Ox, the Polled Suffolk Cow, the Sussex Ox, the Yorkshire 



Among those recognized of foreign rearing we may mention the IloUteinov Dutch Bull, the Polish Bull, the 



// U, the > uth African Long-horned Cattle, Swiss Cattle, Alpine Cattle, the Syrian Ox, Moldavian CattU, 



the / vmpagna Bull, Spanish Hull*, f-j/ypfian Cattle, the Lavt of Africa — Bos hvmilis of Frisch, the Galla Ox 



B of Gmelin, the < 'attU of Peauby, the Cattle of Brazil, the Cattle of Chili, the Kata or Kiata 



nd the Fa lands Wild Cattle.— English Cyclopedia of Natural History. 



* It h is been calculated that the number of domestic neat cattle in Europe is as follows : 



it Britain and Ireland 8,000,000 Bavaria 2,000,000 



len and Norway 3,000,000 Austria 10,000,000 



Russia 20,000,000 France 8,000,000 



Denmark. 1,700,000 Spain 2,500.000 



Portugal 650,000 



Switzerland 800,000 



Italy 3,500,000 



Turkey 1,000,000, 



rlanda •_'.:,i mm mi, 



Prussia 4,500,000 



v 350,000 



rer 800,000 



Wnrtemberg 700,000 



n 400,000 Total for Europe 71,400,000 



Th.' number of domestic futtlr- in the United States is estimated at 22,000,000, thus exceeding the number in any 

 European kingdom. The Dumber for the whole world is calculated at 210,000,000. It is supposed that one-third of ( 

 these are killed annually, bo that we have about 70,000,000 of carcasses, weighing 28,000,000,000 pounds, 70,000,000. 

 "00,000 of horns, and 280,000,000 of feet annually, to be converted into beef, tallow, leather, combs, 



