500 



VERT Eli RATA. 



c<^ — :o 





-«-i .'. . 



LONG-HORNED OX. 



Lancashire ones were larger, longer in the quarters, but with a fall behind the shoulders, and not 

 level "ii the chine. Whence these cattle were derived was and still is a disputed point. 

 The long-horns seem thus to have first appeared in Craven, and gradually to have spread 

 along the wesb ra coast, and to have occupied almost exclusively the midland counties. There 

 are two distincl breeds: the Smaller Cravens inhabiting the mountains and moorlands, hardy. 

 useful, valued by the cottager and little farmer on account of the cheapness with which they 

 are kept, the superior quantity and excellent quality of the milk which they yield, and the 

 aptitude with which they fatten when removed to better pasture. The Larger Cravens, occupy- 

 ing a more level and richer pasture, are fair milkers, although in proportion to their size not equal 

 to the others; but possess a tendency to fatten and acquire extraordinary bulk, scarcely inferior 

 to that of short-horns. 



I >;' the various breeds of long-horns, the most celebrated are the Leicester, Derby, and Shro/- 



THE SHORT-HORNS. 



Tlii- celebrated breed, of which there are several varieties, originally came from the continent 

 but in it- present form it appears to have arisen in the counties of Durham and Yorkshire, wheri 

 they aii- held to be of some antiquity, though certainly more modern than either the Devoi 

 Herefords. They air the evident result of long and careful breeding, and have at last acquire 

 an appearance somewhat artificial, inasmuch as many of the points arc exaggerated departim 

 from tin- standard British ox. The horns were originally turned upward; they have now \ 

 often ;i ten. |, 1,,-y downward, with their tips pointing toward each other. The head is small 

 finely formed; the brisket very projecting and without dewlap; the hair soft and mellow; th 

 colon are fn]! red and creamy white, variously mixed, and often in such a manner as to produce 

 brilliant effect Black, brown, or brindled are not recognized as belonging to the pure b* 

 They are very showy, and amid other cattle, give an impression of superior beauty, synini 

 and grandeur. The oxen are inferior to the 1 >cvons for work ; the cows are excellent milkei 

 Both yield a large proportion of superior beef. The chief value of the breed, however, is tl 

 improvement thev stamp, by mixture, on other breeds. On account of their importance in tli 

 respect, they have been largely introduced into the United States. In general, they are call* 

 />,/■/■ im . as in the county of Durham they have been supposed to attain their greatest p- 

 ion. 



