CLASS I. MAMMALIA: ORDER 9. RUMINANTIA. 533 



own residence before killing it, and in fact the Cape farmers, from long practice and an intimate 

 knowledge of the animal's habits, very frequently succeed in accomplishing this masterpiece of 

 South African field-sports. They are so gentle that a man on horseback may penetrate into the 

 very middle of a herd without alarming them, and pick out the fattest and best-conditioned, and 

 as the old bulls are commonly chosen, on account of their greater size and weight, it not unfre- 

 qnently happens that the herd is left altogether without a male. There have been several fine 

 specimens of this animal in the Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park, presented by the late Earl of 

 Derby. 



The following extract from the recent Travels of Livingstone will be found interesting, as 

 well from the picture it presents of the abundance of game in Southern Africa as from the ac- 

 counts it affords of the curious habits of particular kinds of antilope. It also mentions a new 

 variety of Eland, of which the engraving at page 532 is a representation. The country he is 

 speaking of, Sesheke, is about 17° 30' south latitude and 25° east longitude. 



"This district contains great numbers of a small antelope named Tianydne, unknown in the 

 South. It stands about eighteen inches high, is very graceful in its movements, and utters a cry 

 of alarm not unlike that of the domestic fowl ; it is of a brownish-red color on the sides and back, 

 with the belly and lower part of the tail white ; it is very timid, but the maternal affection that 

 the little thing bears to its young will often induce it to offer battle even to a man approaching 

 it. When the young one is too tender to run about with the dam, she puts one foot on the prom- 

 inence about the seventh cervical vertebra, or withers ; the instinct of the voung enables it to 

 understand that it is now required to kneel down, and to remain quite still till it hears the bleat- 

 ing of its dam. If you see an otherwise gregarious she-antilope separated from the herd, and 

 going alone anywhere, you may be sure she has laid her little one to sleep in some cozy spot. 

 The color of the hair in the young is better adapted for assimilating it with the ground than that 

 of the older animals, which do not need to be screened from the observation of birds of prey. I 

 observed the Arabs at Aden, when making their camels kneel down, press the thumb on the 

 withers in exactly the same way the antilopes do with their young ; probably they have been led 

 to the custom by seeing this plan adopted by the gazelle of the desert. 



"Great numbers of Buffaloes, Zebras, Tsessebes, Tahaetsi, and Elands or Pohu, grazed undis- 

 turbed on these plains, so that very little exertion was required to secure a fair supply of meat 

 for the party during the necessary delay. Hunting on foot, as all those who have engaged in it 

 in this country will at once admit, is very hard work indeed. The heat of the sun by day is so 

 great, even in winter, as it now was, that, had there been any one on whom I could have thrown 

 the task, he would have been most welcome to all the sport the toil is supposed to impart. But 

 the Makololo shot so badly that, in order to save my powder, I was obliged to go myself. 



" We shot a beautiful cow-eland, standing in the shade of a fine tree. It was evident that she 

 had lately had her calf killed by a lion, for there were five long, deep scratches on both sides of 

 her hind-quarters, as if she had run to the rescue of her calf, and the lion, leaving it, had attacked 

 herself, but was unable to pull her down. When lying on the ground, the milk flowing from the 

 large udder showed that she must have been seeking the shade, from the distress its non-removal 

 in the natural manner caused. She was a beautiful creature, and Lebeole, a Makololo gentleman 

 who accompanied me, speaking in reference to its size and beauty, said, 'Jesus ought to have given 

 us these instead of cattle.' It was a new, undescribed variety of this splendid antilope. It was 

 marked with narrow white bands across the body, exactly like those of the koodoo, and had a 

 black patch of more than a hand-breadth on the outer side of the fore-arm." 



The Ginji-Jonga, or Derby's Oreas, Oreas Derbianus, is found in Northern Africa on the river 

 Cassaman. It is of a plain reddish-brown color, with the front of the face, the neck, the front 

 part of the under side, a spot on the front and upper part of the fore-leg, and the dorsal streak, 

 mainly black. 



Genus ANOA : Anoa. — Of this there is one species, the A. depre-sstcornis, or Antilope de- 

 pressicornis ; it is found in the Celebes islands, and is called Sapi-Outan or Cow of the Woods, 

 by the natives. It has a thick, stout form, possesses two nearly straight, powerful horns, and is of 

 ttie s:ze of an ass ; it is of a blackish hue, lives in the woods, and is a wild and savage animal. 



