CLASS I. MAMMALIA: ORDER 10. SOLIDUNGULA. 609 



"are hauling omnibuses and hacks, driving in light carriages, and traveling or moving freight from 

 place to place in the larger towns or cities. Some horses are still used under the saddle, but the 

 number thus employed in the United States is comparatively very small, and in New England a 

 person is rarely seen on horseback." 



" In addition to these varieties, there are in various parts of the country families claiming more or less alliance to 

 the thoroughbred. Of these, the Messengers, the Samiltemians, the Henrys, the Bell founders, are perhaps the most 

 noted, as they were generally well-formed, fine-moving, fast-going, and enduring horses. 



" The stock descended from Messenger, Hamiltonian, and some others, proved very valuable ; many of them were 

 excellent roadsters, and some of them were fast trotters. Hence, it soon became policy for dealers to advertise their 

 horses as descended from those whose stock was known to be good, and at the stables of those dealers whose honesty 

 is not of the adamantine kind, you can usually purchase a horse of any of the well-known families, provided you give 

 a reasonable hiut of the stock you prefer. Hundreds of horses are sold every year as Morgans, Messengers, Hamil- 

 toniaus, &c, who have not a particle of the blood they are represented to possess. 



"The observant traveler through the different states of the Union, who possesses any taste for a horse, cannot fail 

 to mark the striking difference in the general character of the horses of different sections of the country. In the 

 New England States he sees a compact, hardy stock of horses, of medium size, with high carriage — good travelers, 

 and extremely gentle and tractable driving-horses. 



" In almost every county he may find descendants of the Justin Morgan, and in some he will see that they com- 

 prise a large portion of the stock. Along the Canada border he will see many specimens of the Frencli- Canadian 

 horse, and in some parts of Massachusetts and Connecticut he will see descendants of the Norman, the Flemish, and 

 the Danish horse. 



" Throughout New England he will see evidences of the blood of the English racer and the Arabian : Messenger, 

 Dei/ of Algiers, Hamiltonian, Cock of the Rock, Henry, Post- Boy, Sir Walter, Sir Charles, and many others, having 

 mingled their blood with the common stock of the country, but the pure thoroughbred he will not be apt to see. 



" Passing through New York, we see a greater variety of horses. Within the state may be found individuals ex- 

 hibiting the form and characteristics of every breed known in this country. As a general rule, the driving-horses — 

 many of them very fine — are taller than those of New England and less compact. The farm and draught-horses are 

 generally larger, but vary much in size, from the Canadian pony to the English cart-horse. The thoroughbred may 

 occasionally be met with, though not so common now as formerly ; but scattered throughout the state may be found 

 the descendants of Messenger, Eclipse, Henry, Duroc, and other celebrated horses of that breed. In tts central and 

 northern parts of the state may be seen some of the descendants of the Justin Morgan, some of these horses having 

 been taken there within the past few years. 



"As we pass through Pennsylvania and Ohio we observe a more striking change in the character of the horses. 

 The fine driving-horse is more rarely seen. The farm and draught-horses are much larger, and sometimes are really 

 immense. They are descended from the Flemish and Danish horses, are usually fat, slow, and awkward, are some- 

 times pretty well formed, but are inclined to be leggy and loosely built. 



"In the eastern part of Pennsylvania and northern part of Ohio many fair driving-horses may be seen, but in the 

 western part of Pennsylvania and southern part of Ohio good buggy-horses are not common — light wagons are not 

 much used. Many good saddle-horses may be found possessing more or less of the characteristics of the English 

 thoroughbred, a good specimen of which may occasionally be seen. 



" As we go west and south we find the good buggy-horse becoming more and more rare, and the number and 

 quality of the saddle-horses constantly increasing ; until arrived in Keutucky and Tennessee the former is not often 

 seen, while the latter are both numerous and excellent. 



" Many of the draught and carriage-horses used in Kentucky are brought from Ohio and Indiana, and are taken 

 from the stock of those states, the coarsest being used for draught and the finest for the carriage. 



" The horses in common use for farm and similar work are decidedly inferior. This is, perhaps, in a great degree, 

 due to the fact that a large number of the best mares are constantly used for breeding mules, and that more atten- 

 tion is paid to raising the latter animals, which have become one of the great staples of Kentucky. 



"Throughout the remaining Southern States the animals used upon the farm and road are principally mules ; 

 light wagons are but little used ; the white population is more thinly scattered, and though most of the planters keep 

 a family carriage, yet the ordinary business travel is principally upon horseback. Throughout the Southern States 

 the English thoroughbred is found in high perfection, and many of the horses in common use partake largely of his 

 blood. 



" The horses of Indiana, Illinois, and the other "Western and Northwestern States, closely resemble the horses of 

 Ohio, and in fact, many of them were raised in that state, and taken farther west by persons emigrating to new 

 lands. 



"Although emigration has been going on for some time from New England to these states, yet, until within the 

 last few years, the emigrants very rarely took any animals with them, the journey being too long to be undertaken 

 with teams ; but the emigration to that country from Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, has very generally been 

 made in wagons, the emigrants taking their horses with them. 



" Within the last few years a few Morgan horses have been taken into that section, where they command high prices; 

 and as they become more and more known, so the demand for them is steadily inereasfng, and in passing through 

 the large towns the traveler will occasionally see a good specimen of the race. _ . 



" It is a fact worthy of note that the English thoroughbred is found most numerous, and in the greatest perfection, 

 in those states where the saddle-horse is most in demand, and where the light buggy has not yet come into very gen- 

 eral use ; while in those states where the horse is little used under the saddle, but almost entirely in harness, he is 

 not often met with.'' 

 Vol. I.— 77 



