CLASS 11. AVES: ORDER 2. PASSERES. 153 



Genus TRICHAS : Trichas, includes the Ground- Warblers. The Yellow-Throat, T. Mari- 

 landica, is five inches long ; olivc-gi-een ahove ; beneath yellow ; makes an oven-shaped nest, simi- 

 lar to that of the Golden-crowned Thrush; lays from four to six eggs ; rano-es from Mexico to fifty 

 degrees north. This is one of the species in the nest of which the cow-bunting often deposits 

 one of its eggs, in the manner of the European cuckoo. The nest is placed on the ground, and 

 partly sunk in it, and is oven-shaped. The Mourning-Warblek, T. Philadelphia, is five and a 

 half inches long; olive-green above, yellow beneath; a rare species, of shy and solitary habits; 

 little known: Macgillivray's Ground- Warbler, T. Macffillivraiji, six inches long; olive-green 

 above, bright yellow beneath ; found on the Columbia River : Delafield's Warbler, T. Dela- 

 fieldi, five and a quarter inches long ; olive-gray above, beneath yellow ; found in California. 



6^f?i«<s HELINAIA : Helinaia. — This includes the Swamp-Warhlers, according to Audubon, 

 and is equivalent to the Vermivora of De Kay, and nearly the same as the Dacnis of Cuvier, which 

 includes the Pit-Pits of Bufibn. The Blue-winged Yellow Warbler,//. solitaria,\s four and 

 three-quarter inches long; grass-green above, bright yellow beneath ; found from Louisiana to 

 New Jersey. It frequents gardens, orchards, and willow-trees, and makes its nest in a tussock of 

 long grass, occasionally shielded by a briar, in the form of an inverted funnel. After its northern 

 migration in summer, it retires to tropical America to spend the winter. The Worm-eating 

 W AUBLKR, II. PennsT/lvanica, is, five and a half inches long; of a deep olive-green above; beneath 

 bufi"; found from Carolina to the fur countries. Swainson's Warbler, H. Swainsonii, is five 

 and a half inches long; the upper parts rich brown; under parts brownisb-gray ; found in the 

 Middle and Eastern States. The Prothonotary Warbler, H. jn'otonoiarius, is five and a half 

 inches long; yellowish-green above, pale yellow beneath ; found in the Southern and Western 

 States, The Golden-winged Warbler, H. chysoptera, is four and a quarter inches long; light 

 ash-gray above and white beneath ; found in the Middle and Western States. Bachman's War- 

 bler, H. Bachmani, is four inches long; brownish-olive above, breast yellow, sides greenish- 

 gray, tail-coverts white ; found in South Carolina. The Carbonated Warbler, //. carhonata, is 

 four and three-quarter inches long ; upper parts dusky and dull yellowish-green, fore part of the 

 back and sides dusky, lower back yellowish-green, under parts yellow ; found in Kentucky. 

 The Tennessee AVarbler, H. peregrina, is four and a half inches long ; yellow-olive above, whit- 

 ish-cream color beneath ; found in the Southern States. The Orange-crowned Warbler, //. 

 celata, is, five and a half inches long; brov/nisb-green above, olive-yellow beneath; found from 

 Mexico to Labrador. The Nashville Warbler, H. rubricapilla, is four and a half inches long ; 

 upper parts brownish-green, beneath greenish-yellow ; found in the Southern and Western States. 



Gemts SYLVICOLA : Sylvicola. — This includes the Wood- Warblers. The Summer Yel- 

 low-Bird, S. cestiva^is, ^vQ inches long; pale yellowish-green above, beneath yellow; common 

 throughout the Atlantic States. The nest, formed externally of hemp, flax, or woolly substances, 

 is strongly fastened to the forked branches of a small tree, usually near a house. It is then lined 

 with hair and feathers. Into this, as it sometimes happens, the insidious cow-bird drops its egg, 

 in the expectation that it will be hatched by the unsuspecting proprietor of the nest. But the 

 little bird perceives the imposition, and weaves above it a matting which covers it, and prevents 

 its receiving the warmth necessary for incubation. The engraving at page 154 represents a section 

 of such a nest, with the parasitic egg below and the lawful eggs above. 



The Yellow-crowned Wood- Warbler, S. coronata, is five and a quarter inches long; ashy- 

 gray above ; breast and sides variegated with black ; rest of the lower parts white ; found through- 

 out the United States. Audubon's Warbler, S. Audubonii, five and three-quarter inches long; 

 in color resembling the preceding ; found on the Columbia River. The Black-Poll Warbler, S. 

 striata, is five and a quarter inches long ; bluish ash-gray, streaked with black above ; lower parts 

 white; found from Texas to Labrador. The Yellow-tiiroated Warbler, S.pensilis, is a beautiful 

 species, five and a half inches long; upper parts grayish-blue; throat yellow; breast and lower 

 parts white ; found from Texas to New Jersey. The Bay-breasted Warbler, S. castanea, is five 

 and a quarter inches long; the head chestnut-red; back bluish ash-gray; lower parts white, 

 tinged with reddish ; found from Texas northward. The Chestnut-sided Warbler, S. ictero- 

 cephala, is five and a half inches long; bluish-ash above; lower parts white; found from Texas 



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