10 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



SECTION III. 



Fagk 



Consequences of Alternate Generation .... ,16? 



CHAPTER TWELFTH. 



METAMORPHOSES OF ANIMALS ..... 174 



CHAPTER THIRTEENTH. 



GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS . i8G 



SECTION I. 

 General Laios of Distribution .... , l&G 



SECTION II. 



Distribution of the Faunas ..... 194 



I. Arctic Fauna ...... .. 197 



II. Temperate Faunas ..... 198 



III. Tropical Faunas ..... . 204 



SECTION III. 

 Occlusions ....... ... 207 



CHAPTER FOURTEl'A' r H. 



GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF ANIMALS; OB, Tpaa 



IN TIME .......... '214 



SECTION I. 



Structure of 'he Earth's Crust ...'.... 214 



SECTION II. 



Ages of Nature .......... 221 



Palaeozoic Age .......... 223 



Secondary Age . ........ 227 



Tertiary Age .......... 233 



Modern Age .... .... 235 



Conclusions . . ; ?3? 



