278 



BUTTER-MAKING. 



will not cool the room as effectively as ice, but in the absence 

 of ice this is better than no cooling at all. 



Cost of Producing One Pound of Butter. The cost of pro- 

 ducing a pound of butter varies at different creameries. Up 

 to a certain limit, the more butter that is being produced at 



FIG. 167. Cross-section of a sewage-disposal tank. (Wallace's Farmer.) 



one place the less will be the cost of production, that is, pro- 

 viding the creameries are otherwise equally well managed. 

 The Iowa State Dairy Commissioner has investigated this 



Waste Water from Cream Vats and Starter Can 



FIG. 168. Septic tank for creamery sewage disposal. (By Prof. J. Michels.) , 

 The tank should be located in the ground with the top within a foot or 

 two of the surface. It may be constructed of planks. Brick, stone, or 

 concrete is preferable for durability. The tank should be built air- 

 tight except in two places, D and E. 



question and finds that the cost of production varies from 

 1.2 cents to 6 cents per pound. According to the reports sub- 

 mitted to the office of the State Dairy Commissioner, the 

 highest cost of production comes from a co-operative creamery 

 that makes a little less than 30,000 pounds of butter per year. 

 The lowest cost of production is submitted by a co-operative 



