PREFACE IX 



I have had too long experience in editing books and 

 articles to suppose that this volume is physically perfect. 

 I therefore request that readers kindly note any least 

 error and notify either the publishers or me, so that cor- 

 rection may be made in future editions. In the hope, 

 however, that these errors will be few and that the book 

 will meet the need of those for whom it has been written, 

 I commend it to all who may have occasion to use 

 pruning tools. 



M. G. KAINS. 



Port Washington, L. I. 



