52 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PRUNING 



in plant propagation, where the adventitious buds pro- 

 duce roots on layers, cuttings, etc., and (b) in pruning 

 and "dehorning," where they, as well as latent buds, are 

 relied upon to produce new shoots, some of which may 

 be favorably enough placed to develop new branches or 

 even whole heads. 



56. Where blossom buds are borne. In order to prune 

 intelligently for the production of flowers and fruit, it is 

 essential that the pruner know where blossom buds are 

 normally borne. While the positions of these buds na- 

 turally vary among the varieties of any species with the 

 vigor and the age of the plant, with environment and 

 other factors, yet each species has its own characteristic 

 method of blossom or fruit bearing. In general, species 

 and their varieties may be grouped in two general classes 

 each with its subdivisions. These are characterized thus : 



A. BLOSSOM OR CLUSTER BUDS EASILY SEEN DURING WINTER 



on "last season's" twigs: 1, A.villary: Peach (Fig. 46), 

 hazel, filbert (almost always), almond, currant (Fig. 49), 

 gooseberry (mainly, Fig. 50), apricot and Japanese plum 

 (partly, Fig. 48), apple and pear (sometimes). 2, Terminal, 

 mainly on spurs. Apple, pear (almost always, Figs. 35, 36), 

 cherry (Figs. 41, 42, 43, 44, 45), plum (Figs. 39, 40) and 

 apricot (mainly), almond and currant (partly). B. BLO- 

 BUDS NOT VISIBLE DURING WINTER because borne on "this sea- 

 son's" twigs: 1, axillary on canes or strong shoots: Grape 

 (Figs. 51, 57), mulberry, persimmon, olive, chestnut, fig 

 ( Fig. 33 ) ; 2, a, terminal on terminal shoots : Loquat ; b, 

 terminal, or nearly so, on lateral shoots developed during 

 summer: Orange and the bramble fruits (raspberry, Figs. 

 55, 56, blackberry, Fig. 54, dewberry) ; 3, co-terminal, 

 that is on the ends of short shoots developed from buds 

 formed "last season" and wintered over. Quince (Fig 

 58), medlar, hickory, and walnut. 



From the above outline it is obvious that in pruning 

 for flower and fruit production the operator, while not 



