PRUNING PRINCIPLES 



93 



formation than docs the extent of the pruning and the 

 vigor of the plant pruned. 



As already noted under Principle No. 6, increased vegeta- 

 tive growth results from excessive pruning of the top, and 

 water sprouts and suckers may be developed to a greater 

 or lesser extent. "\Yhen the plants are below normal vigor 

 and when the root area is smaller than the top really needs, 

 plant food will not be elaborated in sufficient quantity to 



FIC. 68 ONE WAY HORIZONTAL BRANCHES ARE KILLED 

 When wat^r sprouts develop vertically from horizontal branches the parts 

 beyond die sooner or laler. In this case the main branch beyond the erect ones has 

 died. One water sprout was cut off (see scar at base of middle one) to perm.t 

 taking a less confused photo. 



produce water sprouts and suckers; for these growths are 

 dependent upon ample if not excessive food for their de- 

 velopment. Hence season of pruning cannot be a primary 

 influence in their production. They may develop as the re- 



