180 



PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PRUNING 



FIG. 136 AIR SPACE 

 AMONG ROOTS OF 

 BADLY PLANTED TREE 



various methods of tree planting- 

 was conducted by F. W. Card* and 

 the results of one season's growth 

 shown and described. Ten two- 

 year Northern Spy trees were 

 planted by each of the methods as 

 follows : 1, Trimmed to whips and 

 cut back to about 3 feet ; 2, trimmed 

 to whips and the leader left un- 

 touched ; 3, branches cut back half, 

 leader left ; 4, untrimmed. In all of 

 these cases the roots were left un- 

 trimmed unless injured or decayed at 

 the end, in which case they were cut 

 back to sound wood. 5, Roots un- 

 trimmed; 6, roots cut back half; 

 7, roots cut back to mere stub. The 

 tops of trees 5, 6 

 and 7 were treated 

 as in No. 3. 8, 

 Stringfellow 



method, the roots being cut back to a 

 mere stump 1 or 2 inches long, and the 

 tree to about a foot high. In the spring 

 of the fourth year following, representa- 

 tive trees in each lot were photo- 

 graphed (Figs. 138 to 144) and the fol- 

 lowing notes taken : 



1. Whips with leader cut back (Fig. 

 144). Good trees and for the most part 

 well branched. Their greatest defect 

 is in the long, spindling growth which 

 has resulted from lack of pruning. 

 Meads have formed at 2 to 3 feet from 

 the ground. 2. Whips with leader un- 



FIG. 137 TREE SET 

 OBLIQUELY AGAINST 



WIND 



In regions of high 

 winds plant the trees 

 with the tops leaning 

 toward the wind as 

 shown here. On hill- 

 sides lean them uphill. 



* Rhode Island Experiment Station Report 1901, Page 23S. 



