192 I'KI. \CIP1.KS AND PRACTICE OF PRUNING 



FIG. 152 TYPICAL LEADER TREE 

 Five-year-old Winter Nelis pear beun as 

 an open center, but typical of the leader type 

 of training. The lower branches are not 

 keeping pace with the upper and are becom- 

 ing weak in comparison. To save or restore 

 balance the upper branches must be suppressed. 



FIG. 153 THREE DECKS OF 



FRAME LIMBS 



Note distances between decks 

 and the general stocky appearance 

 of the tree. 



man would say that 30 

 inches will make a low- 

 headed tree; another 

 that this is extremely 

 high. The Pacific Coast 

 grows low-headed trees. 

 Experience has shown 

 that these are the easiest to care for, that they are the 

 most economical for thinning, harvesting, spraying' and 

 pruning, and that, we can shade the trunks and main 

 scaffold limbs better with this type of tree, than with a 

 high-headed tree. In parts of the Inland Empire growers 

 often head their trees at 8 or 9 inches. Many Jonathan 

 trees in the Rocky Mountain district, and in certain por- 

 tions of Idaho, eastern Oregon and Washington, are 

 headed in this way and are giving satisfactory results. 

 Under such conditions they must protect the trees as 



