GRAPE PRUNING AND TRAINING 



321 



228. The Y-stem Kniffin system differs from the above 

 in that instead of the two stems being brought up from 

 the ground, one is taken from the other at a distance a 

 little below the lower wire, carried to the top wire and 

 there tied. The number of canes and the subsequent 

 treatment are the same as in the others so far described. 



229. The umbrella Kniffin system (Fig. 274). The chief 

 differences between this and the true Kniffin system are 

 the use of two instead of four canes, and the somewhat 

 changed position. Two canes of eight to twenty buds are 

 developed from spurs on the trunk at the top wire. These 

 are tied to 



right and left 

 along this 

 wire, then 

 bent down to 

 the lower wire 

 and secured. 

 The canes are 

 renewed 

 yearly from 

 spurs. 



230. The one-wire Kniffin system or low Kniffin system 

 is a modification of the umbrella, but differs in that the 

 trellis has only one wire three to four feet above the 

 ground. The single stem extends up to the wire, where 

 two canes of ten to twelve buds extend to right and left. 

 The renewal each year, like all the others so far discussed, 

 is from spurs. High quality of fruit and cheapness of 

 trellis commend this system. 



Other modifications of the drooping type of training 

 for one reason or another have been dropped in com- 

 mercial vineyards. The more common are the six or 

 eight-cane Kniffin in which three and four wires are re- 

 quired respectively, making an expensive trellis nec- 

 essarv. 



FIG. 274 PRUNED AND UNPRUNED VINE, "UM- 

 BRELLA" KNIFFIN SYSTEM 



