GRAPE PRUNING AND TRAINING 



327 



likely to overbear or are already weakened and require 

 careful nursing to bring them back. 



238. The horizontal-arm spur system (Fig. 275) has a 

 permanent arm on each side of the vine head at the lower 

 wire to which each is tied. Annually each cane produced 

 from these arms is cut back to a spur with two well- 

 formed buds, the number of spurs depending upon the 

 variety, the age of the vine, etc. The bearing shoots are 

 tied to the upper wire. When spurs become weak or 

 gnarly, they are replaced by new shoots made to start 

 from a node on the horizontal arm. When an arm be- 



FIG. 278--CAYWOOD SYSTEM OF GRAPE TRAINING 

 A) pruned vine; B, one unpruned. Compare with Munson system Figs. 271 to 273. 



gins to fail a new one is developed from the head. Prun- 

 ing and training are otherwise the same as in the upright 

 or high renewal system. While this system produces 

 more fruit with certain varieties, it is open to the objec- 

 tions that pruning is more costly and tedious, and more 

 old wood is left than is usually considered desirable. 

 239. The Hudson horizontal system (Fig.277), popular 



