14 WOOD, 



of the subject. They appear to be cephalic appen- 

 dage.s, for the reasons before given, and, if so, can hardly 

 be other except labial palpi or antennas. The presence of 

 the rudiments of the latter on the cheliceres of certain 

 Galeodes, and the total absence of any proof, are sufficient 

 reasons for not considering them as misplaced antennae. 

 Again in certain arachnids, they not only perform solely 

 the tactile function of both of these organs, but occupy 

 very closely the position of the former. Thus in the 

 Phrynidae, they are placed just posteriorly and superiorly 

 to the maxillae. No distinct labium is acknowledged as 

 existing among the arachnids, but if these organs are the 

 labial palpi, in the Scorpions the two processes, which 

 project forward from their bases, may be looked upon as 

 a split labium. Such appears to me the most probable 

 view of the homologies of these parts, but embryological 

 studies can alone settle these completely. Among the 

 Phalangese the anterior pairs of legs are attached just in 

 front and on the same plane as the others. 



HABITS. The Phalangidce, Harvest-men, "Daddy Long 

 Legs," or "Grab for Gray Bears," as they are called in 

 northern New York, appear to live equally well about the 

 habitations of men and in the most lonely forests. I have 

 seen hundreds of them running over the bushes and ground 

 amongst the recesses of the Alleghanies, and every coun- 

 try lad has noticed them with wonder about out-buildings. 

 I believe they are most active in the very early morning 

 and evening, preferring twilight to the bright sun-glare. 

 They are carnivorous, feeding on small insects, and are 

 said to be especially addicted to aphis eating. The true 

 spiders, and, indeed, nearly all of the rapacious arachnids, 

 content themselves with sucking out the juices of their 

 victims, but the Harvest-men appear to devour them, for 

 which the opposing maxillae seem to fit their mouths. I 

 have seen one running with a half-devoured insect in 

 its mouth ; and Tulk, according to Siebold, has found 

 fragments of insects in their alimentary canal. 



The eyes of the Harvest-men, placed as they are on a 

 prominence near the centre of cephalothorax, cannot 

 enable them to see beneath them, or in fact to discern any 

 near object much below their own level. The Phalan- 



