118 TEIPPE, 



97. P. mllosus. Abundant; resident. 



98. P. pubescens. Less abundant than the preceding. 



99. P. arcticus? Not common; "breeds. 



100. P. erythrocephalus. Abundant. I was much surprised to find 

 that the Red-bellied Woodpecker, P. Carol inus, does not inhabit this 

 region. During winter it is exceedingly abundant in Southern Iowa, 

 from which section great numbers migrate on the approach of spring. 

 I had supposed that it crossed over the prairies of Iowa and the 

 southern part of Minnesota, and passed the breeding season in the 

 woods of the northern part of the latter State. I found this to be a 

 mistake, however, as I did not see a single individual during the 

 whole year. 



101. P. auratus. Very abundant. In spring, the Golden-winged 

 Woodpeckers frequent the prairies in great numbers, venturing many 

 miles from the nearest timber. 



102. Coccygus Americanus. Possibly the following species. 



103. C. erythrophlhalmus. Not common ; breeds. 



104. Ectopistes migratoria. Very abundant. 



105. Ortyx Virginiana. The Quail is very abundant in the southern 

 portion of the State, and is gradually extending northward as the 

 country is settled. In the new settlements it is rare; beyond the 

 settlements, wholly unknown. 



10G. Tetrao umbellus. Abundant. The Ruffed Grouse in this part 

 of the country has the rufous chestnut of the back and tail more or 



less replaced by ashy gray. In four out of five birds, there is no trace 

 of red whatever on the tail, while on the back and scapulars it is 

 more restricted, and not as bright as in southern and eastern birds. 

 This is interesting, as showing an approach to the Gray Ruffed Grouse, 

 T: umbelloides, of the Rocky Mountain region. The Deer, Genus 



- Virginianus', and the Red Squirrel, Sciurus Hudsonius, are also far 



more gray than southern specimens. 



107. T. Canadensis. Abundant.; breeds. 



108. T. phasianellus. Very common. In its habits and notes, this 

 species bears a very strong resemblance to the Pinnated Grouse, 

 which it replaces on the prairies of the Upper Mississippi and its 

 tributaries. I never saw the Pinnated Grouse in this part of the 

 State, nor could I learn that the Sharp-tailed Grouse ever visits the 

 southernmost counties, where the former species is very abundant. . 



109. Fulica Americana. Abundant ; breeds. 



110. Eallus Virginianus? Not very common ; breeds. 



111. Grus Canadensis. Very common; breeds in extensive swamps. 



112. G. Americanus. I saw but few White Cranes, though I was 

 told that they are quite common at certain seasons of the year, and 

 that they occasionally breed here. 



