168 COUES, 



cranon. It is overlaid by the plantaris, has the flexor longus dig- 

 itorum to the outside, and the poplitseus to the inside. Its tendon 

 passes behind the inner malleolus to be inserted at the most prom- 

 inent point of the inner aspect of the tarsus. 



Plantaris. A muscle of great size, comparatively. It arises 

 fleshy from the posterior surface of the peronecranon, and its crest, 

 between poplitseus and tibialis posticus, and lies in a sort of bed 

 formed by the last named. It continues fleshy two-thirds way down 

 the leg ; then its stout tendon, instead of passing with tendo Achillis 

 to the os calcis, glides behind the inner malleolus, and expands into 

 a strong plantar fascia. 



Gastrocnemius. Of rather remarkable conformation ; its two heads 

 are widely separated, and very different in shape ; one is much larger 

 than the other. The larger arises fleshy from the outer one-half or 

 two-thirds of the flbular crest, and immediately forms an immense 

 bulging mass that rivals, proportionally, the human calf itself; this 

 lies upon the outer side and back of the leg, mostly upon the fibular 

 flexor of the toes. It forms a stout tendo Achillis at the lower third 

 of the leg, with the usual calcaneal insertion. The tendon has apo- 

 neurotic expansion upon the outer surface of the muscle. The smaller 

 head arises fleshy from the inner femoral condyle, at its back, just 

 above the capsular ligament of the knee-joint. It is thick at first, 

 but soon becomes flattened into a ribbon-like muscle that passes 

 very obliquely outward down the leg, to join the outer gastrocnemius 

 at the middle of the leg with a sort of tendinous intersection one 

 side being as it were partly laid over the outer gastrocnemius, the 

 other directly continuous. This construction, though in evident rela- 

 tion to rotatory powers of the leg, is barely a foreshadowing of that 

 complete separation of the two gastrocnemii, and presence of two 

 tendones Achillis, that obtains in some marsupials. 



Peroneus longus. A large superficial muscle upon the antero-exter- 

 nal aspect of the leg, lying upon " peroneus tertius " and extensor 

 longus digitorum, in relation internally with extensor hallucis. It 

 arises fleshy from the outer moiety of crest and adjoining anterior 

 surface of the fibula ; forms a thick spindle-shaped belly, and becomes 

 tendinous just below the middle of the leg. Its tendon proceeds 

 along the outer aspect of the outer malleolus, a little in front of it, if 

 anything, rather than behind it, gains the side of the ankle in front, 

 and dips below the base of the 5th metatarsal. It then, as usual, 

 traverses a groove obliquely across the sole, along the conjoined 

 heads of the metatarsals, to be inserted into the base of the 1st. 



Extensor hallucis. The next muscle to the tibialis anticus ; a long, 

 roundish, but somewhat compressed belly arising from a tubercle on 

 the outer aspect of the tibial head, and from contiguous portions of 

 the peronecranon. Its tendon, which forms about the middle of the 



