84 



THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 



Miss Elizabeth A. Pinnock. 



" A. P. Pitman. 



" A. M. Quimby. 

 C. C. Redmond. 

 Beverly Rantoul. 

 Miss Rantoul. 



" Carrie L. Read. 



" Lizzie L. Read. 

 Mrs. J. H. Roberts. 

 Miss M. E. Roberts. 



" B. P. Smith. 



" M. T. Smith. 



" M. Simouds. 

 Mrs. N. G. Simonds. 

 Arthur L. Sanders. 

 Miss S. E. Smith. 



Mrs. Joseph Symonds. 

 Miss A. C. Symonds. 



" S. Sweetser. 



" M. K. Stevens. 

 Mrs. G. L. Streeter. 

 Miss Delia Sheldon. 

 Mrs. S. E. Thayer. 

 Miss A. S. Tukey. 

 Miss I. F. Upton. 

 Miss L. L. A. Very. 



" Gertrude M. Very. 

 Mrs. S. E. Varney. 

 Miss F. White. 

 Charles H. Woodbury, Lynn. 

 Mrs. K. T. Woods. 

 Henry Whipple. 



EXCURSION. On Wednesday, May 21, 1884, a party of 

 fifty members and friends left Salem on an excursion to 

 Mauch Chunk, Luray Cave, the Natural Bridge in Virginia 

 and Washington. Vice President F. W. Putnam was 

 with the party, and while at the Natural Bridge gave a 

 lecture on the geology of that vicinity, stating his theory 

 of the formation of the bridge. There are two ways by 

 which ravines are cut. First, like that of Niagara and the 

 canons of Colorado and its tributaries. Secondly, like 

 that of caves. The limestone of this region is probably 

 lower silurian and the strata are tilted at many angles. 

 Beginning at the Lace Water Falls, a mile above the bridge, 

 the strata are vertical. They here begin to incline more and 

 more towards the horizontal, which position is reached at 

 the bridge. The limestone water, percolating through 

 the fissures between the strata, acts both chemically and 

 mechanically upon them, working out a deeper channel, 

 and at the same time depositing incrusting matter as it 

 seeks the level of drainage. This ravine was once a vast 

 cave, the bridge being the only remaining relic of the 



