114 OV TTTK SANTTr-VLS 



been : 1. The Kolarian (or Kerwars) the earliest, who en- 

 tered from the northeast- 'thfci tafonntain region of Assam 

 and Thibet ; 2. The Drbvidiani, who came from the north- 

 west, from the direction of Afghanistan, across the Indus, 

 who went to the extreme south, either voluntarily or driven 

 by other tribes following the same course; 3. The Scy- 

 thian, non Aryan race, frbm thte region of the Black Sea, 

 who formed with the : Sanskrit' <bhe mongrel Prakrit dialect 

 of North India ; 4. The Aryan invaders or Hindoos. 

 These races probably fought against each other, until the 

 Aryans conquered, driving 1 the Kolarians to the moun- 

 tains where they maintained their independence, the Dra- 

 vidians submitting and retiring southward. Both these 

 races" are doubtless offshoots of the pro-Malay stock, from 

 whieh Mongolians, Malays, and many so-called Aryans 

 are supposed to be descended in remote prehistoric times. 

 According ;to: their sacred Rigvedai, the Aryans are be- 

 lieved to have comein about* .1500 'B. 1 C., from Persia, and 

 after a long and severe struggle to have vanquished the 

 Kbarwars or Kolarians;' In the north $ then, were the Ko- 

 lariaus or Mundas,- to whictithe Santhals belong, avoiding 

 exterminationiiby retreating to the hilly regions to the 

 northeast, on Lthe southern flak of the Himalayas; the 

 Dravidians were regarded by i the Aryans, at least five cen- 

 turies before Christ, > as the /aborigines of South India. 

 To these belong the Tamils or- Tamuiians, the Kh'ngs, and 

 the Cingalese, all of whom I iuive 1 seen in Ceylon and Sing- 

 apore. The Tamils -are about 10,000,000, mostly in East 

 Ceylon, great wanderers and excellent seamen, and from 

 whom the nam Coolie (Kuli, or hire) is derived mean- 

 ing a person who will work for hire. The Telingas or 

 Klings are about 14,000,000, and are most common in 

 East India, taller, fairer, and equally energetic ; both are 

 more bearded and with better heads than the Mongolians, 



